Biomedical Robotics: Innovations in Surgical Procedures and Rehabilitation

Robert Jean^*
*Correspondence: Robert Jean, Department of Robotics, University of Cumberlands, Kentucky, USA, Email:

Introduction

Biomedical robotics has revolutionized the field of healthcare by introducing innovative technologies for surgical procedures and rehabilitation. The integration of robotics in these areas has brought significant advancements, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of surgical interventions and improving rehabilitation outcomes. This article explores the recent innovations in biomedical robotics, their applications in surgical procedures and their role in improving rehabilitation techniques. Additionally, it discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with the use of robotics in these domains.

Surgical procedures

Robotic-assisted surgery: Robotic-assisted surgery has gained considerable attention due to its ability to enhance surgical precision and provide improved outcomes. One notable example is the da Vinci Surgical System, which allows surgeons to perform minimally invasive procedures with increased dexterity and visualization. Studies have shown its effectiveness in various surgical fields, including urology, gynecology and general surgery. For instance, a study by Bansal D, et al. [1] demonstrated that robotic-assisted surgery for prostate cancer resulted in reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stays and improved oncological outcomes compared to traditional approaches.

Image-guided interventions: Robotic systems combined with real-time imaging techniques have enabled surgeons to perform complex interventions with enhanced accuracy. Image-guided robotic interventions, such as the CyberKnife System, offer precise targeting and delivery of radiation therapy for cancer treatment. Research by Ehret F, et al. [2] demonstrated the clinical benefits of image-guided robotic radiosurgery in terms of tumor control and minimal damage to healthy tissues.

Surgical simulators: Simulation-based training using robotic surgical simulators has emerged as an essential tool for training surgeons. Simulators provide a safe environment for practicing surgical techniques and allow surgeons to gain proficiency before operating on actual patients. Research by Seymour NE, et al. [3] found that simulation-based training in robotic surgery resulted in improved skills and reduced errors during actual procedures.

Rehabilitation

Robotic-assisted rehabilitation: Biomedical robotics has significantly impacted the field of rehabilitation by providing innovative solutions for individuals with motor impairments. Robotic exoskeletons and wearable devices assist patients in regaining mobility and improving motor function. For example, the EksoGT exoskeleton has demonstrated positive effects in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injuries. A study by Lajeunesse V, et al. [4] showed improvements in gait speed and functional independence in patients undergoing robotic-assisted gait training.

Prosthetics and orthotics: The integration of robotics in prosthetics and orthotics has transformed the lives of individuals with limb loss or musculoskeletal disorders. Advanced robotic prosthetic limbs, such as the DEKA arm and the LUKE arm, offer enhanced functionality and natural movement. Furthermore, robotic orthotic devices assist individuals with mobility impairments, providing support and assistance during walking. Research by Proietti T, et al. [5] demonstrated the benefits of robotic prosthetics in improving overall quality of life and functional capabilities.

Neurorehabilitation: Robotic systems have also been employed in neurorehabilitation to aid patients recovering from neurological injuries or disorders. Robotic devices, such as the Lokomat, provide repetitive and taskspecific training to improve motor recovery. Studies have shown the positive impact of robotic-assisted neurorehabilitation in stroke patients, facilitating functional recovery and motor control. For instance, a study by Mehrholz J, et al. [6] reported improved walking abilities and muscle strength in stroke patients undergoing Lokomat training.

Description

Biomedical robotics has brought transformative innovations to surgical procedures and rehabilitation. Robotic-assisted surgery offers improved precision, reduced invasiveness and enhanced patient outcomes in various surgical specialties. Image-guided interventions enable targeted and precise treatments, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Surgical simulators provide a safe and effective platform for surgeons to acquire and refine their skills before operating on patients.

In the realm of rehabilitation, robotic-assisted systems have revolutionized the field by aiding patients in regaining mobility and improving motor function. Robotic exoskeletons and wearable devices facilitate the rehabilitation process for individuals with motor impairments, such as those with spinal cord injuries. Additionally, advanced robotic prosthetics and orthotics offer increased functionality and natural movement, significantly enhancing the quality of life for individuals with limb loss or musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, robotic systems have played a crucial role in neurorehabilitation, assisting patients in recovering from neurological injuries or disorders, such as stroke.

Despite the numerous benefits of biomedical robotics in surgical procedures and rehabilitation, several challenges need to be addressed. These include the high cost of robotic systems, the need for specialized training for surgeons and rehabilitation professionals and the ethical considerations surrounding the use of robotics in healthcare. Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms into biomedical robotics holds promise for further advancements, such as autonomous surgical procedures and personalized rehabilitation plans.

Conclusion

Biomedical robotics has revolutionized surgical procedures and rehabilitation, offering improved precision, enhanced outcomes and increased accessibility for patients. The integration of robotics in these domains has led to significant advancements, transforming the way surgeries are performed and improving rehabilitation techniques. Continued research and development in the field of biomedical robotics will further propel the field, addressing challenges and unlocking new possibilities for the future of healthcare.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict of Interest

None.

References

1. Bansal, Devanshu, Samit Chaturvedi, Ruchir Maheshwari and Anant Kumar. "Role of laparoscopy in the era of robotic surgery in urology in developing countries." Indian J Urol 37 (2021): 32.

Google Scholar, Crossref, Indexed at

2. Ehret, Felix, Carolin Senger, Markus Kufeld and Christoph Fürweger, et al. "Image-guided robotic radiosurgery for the management of intramedullary spinal cord metastases—a multicenter experience." Cancers 13 (2021): 297.

Google Scholar, Crossref, Indexed at

3. Seymour, Neal E., Anthony G. Gallagher, Sanziana A. Roman and Michael K. O’brien, et al. "Virtual reality training improves operating room performance: results of a randomized, double-blinded study." Ann Surg 236 (2002): 458.

Google Scholar, Crossref, Indexed at

4. Lajeunesse, Veronique, Claude Vincent, François Routhier and Emmanuelle Careau, et al. "Exoskeletons' design and usefulness evidence according to a systematic review of lower limb exoskeletons used for functional mobility by people with spinal cord injury." Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 11 (2016): 535-547.

Google Scholar, Crossref, Indexed at

5. Proietti, Tommaso, Emilia Ambrosini, Alessandra Pedrocchi and Silvestro Micera. "Wearable robotics for impaired upper-limb assistance and rehabilitation: State of the art and future perspectives." Ieee Access (2022).

Google Scholar, Crossref

6. Mehrholz, Jan, Simone Thomas, Joachim Kugler and Marcus Pohl, et al. "Electromechanical‐assisted training for walking after stroke." Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10 (2020).

Google Scholar, Crossref, Indexed at