Brief Report - (2022) Volume 8, Issue 1
Received: 03-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. LDT-22-55704;
Editor assigned: 05-Jan-2022, Pre QC No. P-55704;
Reviewed: 19-Jan-2022, QC No. Q-55704;
Revised: 25-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. R-55704;
Published:
02-Feb-2022
, DOI: 10.37421/2472-1018.22.8.139
Citation: G, Priya. “Brief Report on Different Types of Lung Diseases” J Lung Dis Treat 8 (2022): 139.
Copyright: © 2022 Priya G. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Obstructive lung illnesses such as asthma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema, are all characterized by airway blockage. Because the bronchial tree is constricted owing to inflammation, the amount of air that may enter alveoli is limited. Symptoms of obstructive lung disease are frequently discovered and identified with pulmonary function tests like spirometry. Many obstructive lung illnesses are treated by avoiding triggers, using bronchodilators for symptom management, and suppressing inflammation in severe instances. Smoking is a significant cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, while serious infections and cystic fibrosis are common causes of bronchiectasis. Asthma has yet to be definitively identified [1].
Emphysema is caused by the disintegration of alveolar tissue, which is typically caused by tobacco smoking. Emphysema can progress to COPD. Elastase degrades elastin in the connective tissue of the lungs, which can lead to emphysema. The acute-phase protein alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits Elastase, and when this protein is deficient, emphysema can develop. Smoking causes the airway basal cells to become disorganized and lose their regeneration potential, which is required to rebuild the epithelial barrier [2,3]. The disordered basal cells are thought to be responsible for the primary airway alterations associated with COPD, and with persistent stress, they can turn malignant. According to studies, the early stages of emphysema are focused on alterations in the airway epithelium of the small airways. When a smoker progresses from passive smoking to clinically diagnosed COPD, his or her basal cells become even more disturbed.
Because of a limitation in the quantity of lung tissue engaged in breathing, several chronic lung disorders are classed as restrictive lung disease. Pulmonary fibrosis, for example, can develop when the lungs are inflamed over an extended length of time. Fibrosis in the lungs causes fibrous connective tissue to replace functional lung tissue. This can be caused by a wide range of occupational lung disorders, such as Coalworker’s pneumoconiosis, autoimmune diseases, or, less commonly, a pharmaceutical response. Mechanical ventilation may be required to guarantee an adequate supply of air in severe respiratory diseases if spontaneous breathing is insufficient to preserve life [4].
Lung cancer can develop directly from lung tissue or spread to other parts of the body through metastasis. Small-cell lung carcinomas and non-smallcell lung carcinomas are the two main forms of primary tumors. Smoking is a substantial cancer risk factor. After a malignancy has been found, it is staged using scans such as a CT scan and a biopsy sample is collected. Cancers can be surgically removed, treated with radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination of the three, or managed with the goal of symptom management. In the United States, lung cancer screening is suggested for high-risk groups [5].
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