Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor: An Overview

Sri Lakshmi Ajit^*
*Correspondence: Sri Lakshmi Ajit, Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Tel: 8498811303, Email:

Brief Report

The canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a round cell neoplasm that is seen all over the world, especially in tropical and subtropical settings. This canine tumor is passed down through the generations without regard to breed or sex. Free-roaming, stray, sexually active dogs are more likely to have TVT. The external genitalia of both sexes, which appear as a cauliflower-like growth, are the most commonly affected region for this malignancy. Following social activities like as sniffing, licking, or scratching, extra genital participation is reported. The background, somatic manifestations, cytology, and histopathology are used to diagnose TVT. Chemotherapy is the standard of care. However secondary occurrences of oral and nasal TVT in canines have been reported, initial development among these loci in canines is extremely uncommon.

TVT is a frequent canine reproductive disorder that affects dogs seen between ages of one and seven, with the standard deviation occurring in dogs beyond the age of ten. Males tend to have a larger occurrence in some studies, while females were found to have a higher prevalence in few other studies. Some studies also found no evidence of sex preference. Few studies have revealed a higher frequency of TVT in cross - bred breeds. TVT is usually found in street canines in tropical and subtropical settings. Just on opposite, it has been reported in drought - prone domestic canines. Due to enlargement of the soft tissues of the nasal passages, the affected dogs may show symptoms of respiratory problems, resulting in pulmonary congestion. Oral neoplasms are responsible for the incapacity to ingest, anorexia, and blood-tinged mucus.

The optical tissue might be affected by the tumors growth as it grows larger, causing hyperemia and conjunctivitis upon this affected side. This benign tumor present as a friable, hemorrhagic, cauliflower-like mass much of the time. However it is more distributed with in mouth. Abnormal morphology as an ulcerated lesion with abundant granulation tissue has indeed been seen. TVT has been reported to influence the female dog's vestibule and vagina, and also the male dog's penis. There have also been reports of secondary development in other parts of the body. It's almost unheard of for primary extragenital development to occur. Extragenital locations in the nasal cavity, eye orbit, spleen, liver, skin, ribs, and subcutaneous, submandibular, cervical, and inguinal lymph nodes were seen in 19.2 percent of canines with TVT.

There is also proof of metastases to ovaries in few dogs. In 5.1 percent of instances, extragenital lesions were discovered lacking main genital involvement. Extragenital TVT lesions were found in 9 (23 percent) of cases in a Grenada investigation, with two lesions inside the nose, two masses with in mouth, and three on the skin. In a few dogs, primary intranasal TVT was indeed recorded. There were no TVT-compatible lesions on the external genitalia of any of these canines. Furthermore, several researchers have documented oral primary TVT in dogs. Researchers have also documented TVT in the oral and nasal canals, as well as an extragenital lesion of TVT. Similar investigation described primary extragenital cutaneous TVT linked to Leishmania infantum infection. Some researchers discovered diffused cutaneous canine TVT with main prepuce mass.

Upon cytology, a substantial percentage of spherical cells with a conspicuous nucleolus and basophilic cytoplasm are visible. TVTs must be distinguished against histiocytoma, lymphoma, and mast cell tumors, which are all round cell tumors of the dermis. The tumor's location is crucial in determining the classification.  TVT is indeed a neoplastic tumor with just a reduced level of metastatic spread. If there are no evidence of metastasis on radiography or ultrasonography, and therefore no initial tumors in the external genitalia, metastatic spread is improbable. The cure is to achieve tumor remission as well as to eliminate secondary infections and also other problems. Multiple researches have shown that medical treatment with chemotherapeutic agents like vincristine is beneficial.