Computation and Mathematical Modeling of Fire Induced Turbulent Flow with in Partial Enclosures

Verónica Quintanilla^*
*Correspondence: Verónica Quintanilla, Department of Didactics of Mathematics, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain, Email:

Introduction

The growth and spread of fires in ceiling-ventilated enclosures are the focus of this paper. Fire-induced transport phenomena in partial enclosures have been modelled as turbulent flow induced by buoyancy. In the stream function vorticity formulation approach, the governing equations are the Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations with a turbulence model. The Runge Kutta method for time integration and high accuracy compact finite difference schemes are used to solve the governing equations. The results for Grash of numbers ranging from to are reported. In a square enclosure, the aspect ratio of the ceiling vents and the effects of multiple heat sources are examined. At the vent opening, the oscillatory nature, the thermal plume growth rate, and the ambient entrainment flow rate are all reported. With increased volume flow rates through the ceiling vent, the effect of entrained ambient air becomes significant as the Grash of number rises. At the ceiling opening, one can see a flow going in both directions. The unified and distinct behaviour of thermal plumes is governed by the distance between two heat sources. The numerical and experimental results that are available in the literature are very well aligned with the current results.

Description

Because of their numerous applications in the thermal design of buildings, solar energy receivers, and compartment fire propagation, predictions of buoyancy-induced thermal plume flow patterns inside vented enclosures have sparked an interest in research. The results of this study will have a significant impact on the tasks of risk assessment and fire safety management for assessing the negative effects of building fires. In terms of building fire safety, the first thing to do is to get away from the fire's heat and smoke. In addition, the present investigation would be beneficial to fire safety measures such as the positioning of smoke extraction fan systems, fire and smoke detectors, smoke vents, smoke curtains, or other physical barriers, fire escape routes, and evacuation modelling. The rate at which oxygen enters buildings and adjacent areas through openings has a significant impact on fire growth and spread. Fire-induced transport phenomena in buildings can be modeled as turbulent flow in partial enclosures induced by buoyancy [1].

Markatos presented one of the earliest studies using field models to predict fire behavior in compartments and aircraft cabins. The volumetric heat source serves as the fire's source, and the K-epsilon turbulence model is used to model the fire's transport phenomena in a two-dimensional enclosure as buoyancy-induced turbulent flow. Markatos and Pericleous carried out subsequent simulations to forecast the temperature and airflow distribution in a three-dimensional heat source compartment. Their mathematical forecasts were contrasted and exploratory perceptions and the capacity of CFD to foresee fire transport conduct was uncovered. By combining the gaseous combustion model and the thermal radiation model, Keramida created an integrated fire spread model that can predict the effects of soot and pyrolysis. Mathematical models were used to study the flow through doors and windows and predict the growth of enclosure fires. The numerical investigation of the fire-induced flow through an enclosure's vertical opening was carried out. The thermal plume behavior as buoyancy-induced flow and found that the characteristics of the flow depend on the size of the fire and the surrounding conditions. The fireinduced flow of hot gases and smoke has been experimentally depicted in a vertical open enclosure by Mercier and Jaluria. The lower opening injects smoke and hot gases into the enclosure, resulting in a downstream wall plume that runs along the enclosure's wall and flow fields. Using Large Eddy simulations, investigated doorway air flow rates in fire scenarios. They have looked at the observational connections on entryway stream rates with the trial information. However, the preceding research focuses primarily on ventequipped enclosures [2-5].

Conclusion

Openings in ceilings, floors, stairwells, a broken window at the top of the atrium roof, and a smoke vent there are the horizontal vents. When compared to vertical vents, the flow behaviour in horizontal vents is unstable and oscillatory. Research on how fire moves through horizontal vents. Kerri son compared the experiment data and the field model in a compartment with a ceiling vent. They have observed an oscillating puff of hot gases at the vent caused by the compartment fire. Atkinson observed rapidly rotating smoke rolls close to the ceiling as he experimented with the smoke movement caused by fire conducted an experimental study on the mass flow rate through a horizontal enclosure vent and discovered that buoyancy effects cause a bidirectional flow across the vent dissected the walled in area fire with single and numerous flat vents. They investigated in the laminar flow regime and discovered that the critical grash of number is above which the enclosure's flow becomes chaotic. There were only a few numerical investigations into enclosure fires with ceiling vents.

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