Different Types of Breathing Troubles: An Overview

Priya G^*
*Correspondence: Priya G, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, Email:

Brief Report

One of the vital indicators that a person's doctor evaluates when he or she visits is his or her respiration rate, which is the number of times they breathe in a minute. When resting, a typical adult takes between 12 and 20 breaths per minute, depending on their age. A person's breath rate may be measured by measuring how many breaths they take in a minute. If a person isn't feeling well, the way he or she breathes might provide medical hints as to what the problem is.

Hyperventilation

This frequent problem occurs when a person breathes quicker than their body requires and exhales too much carbon dioxide. This sets a person's blood balance off. Exercising, being anxious, or having asthma can all induce hyperventilation. They may get dizzy, weak, or disoriented as a result of it. Breathing into a paper bag is the usual therapy, which allows them to exhale some of the carbon dioxide. To reduce the amount of air that gets in, physicians now prescribe taking deep breaths or covering one nostril and the mouth. If someone is having problems relaxing, ask for assistance [1,2].

Dyspnea

This is when a person feels "out of breath," as if their lungs aren't getting enough oxygen. It might be a warning of anything dangerous, such as an asthma attack or a heart attack, and it's a typical symptom of many heart and lung diseases. If someone becomes abruptly short of breath, get medical attention straight once. It can also happen if a person is at a high altitude, in poor physical condition, or fat. In such circumstances, the doctor may suggest particular breathing exercises or the use of oxygen. Several forms of dyspnea are only experienced when the body is in a specific posture [3]. They are as follows:

When a person lies down, they experience orthopnea, or shortness of breath. When persons with heart failure lie down, blood can build up in their lungs, which can be dangerous. Sitting or standing up generally helps to alleviate the discomfort. When a person is awakened up in the middle of the night, a similar condition known as paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea can make them feel out of breath. This is a sign of heart failure as well [4].

Trepopnea is a kind of dyspnea that occurs when a person lies on one side of the body. It might occur if they lie on their left side but not on their right — or vice versa.

Platypnea is an uncommon kind of dyspnea that causes shortness of breath upon standing up. They feel better when they lie down.

Bradypnea

This is when breathing takes longer than usual. It might indicate that their bodies aren't obtaining enough oxygen. Bradypnea can indicate a metabolic disorder or other issues, such as sleep apnea, carbon monoxide poisoning, or a drug overdose.

Tachypnea

The polar opposite of bradypnea is dyspnea. It indicates that breathing is occurring at a higher rate than usual. It might be an indication of COPD or pneumonia, which restrict how much air the lungs can take in. To retain the same amount of oxygen going into a person's body, they breathe quicker. It can also arise in obese persons or newborns having respiratory issues.

Hyperpnea

This occurs when a person takes in more air but does not necessarily breathe quicker. It can happen during exertion or as a result of a medical condition like heart failure or sepsis that makes it difficult for the body to obtain enough oxygen. This sort of breathing might cause hyperventilation in certain people [5].

Breathing Kussmaul

This pattern of rapid, deep breaths can occur in persons who have diabetic ketoacidosis, a condition caused by diabetes. When someone develops diabetes, their body does not use sugar as efficiently as it should. Instead of using stored fat for energy, it burns it. The amount of acid in a person's blood rises as a result of this. A person's body attempts to restore equilibrium by exhaling more carbon dioxide, causing them to breathe in quicker and exhale more deeply. Kussmaul breathing can generate fruity-smelling breath because it alters a person's body chemistry.

References

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