Editorial Note on Forest Biodiversity

Teppo Hujala^*
*Correspondence: Teppo Hujala, Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, School of Forest Sciences, Joensuu, Finland, Email:

Editorial

Forest biological variety refers to all life types found in wooded regions, as well as the ecological roles they play. As a result, forest biological diversity includes not just trees, but also the variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in forests, as well as their genetic diversity. The ecosystem, landscapes, species, populations, and genetics can all be examined when considering forest biological diversity. Within and between these levels, complex interactions can occur. This complexity helps organisms in biologically varied forests to adapt to changing environmental conditions and maintain ecosystem functioning. Forest biological variety emerges from evolutionary processes lasting thousands, if not millions, of years, the Conference of the Parties acknowledged in the annex to Decision II/9 [1].

Forest biological variety is the consequence of thousands, if not millions, of years of evolutionary processes driven by ecological variables including as climate, fire, competition, and disturbance. Furthermore, forest ecosystem diversity (both physical and biological traits) leads to high levels of adaptation, a property of forest ecosystems that is an intrinsic component of their biological diversity. The preservation of ecological processes within distinct forest ecosystems is contingent on the preservation of biological diversity. The frightening loss of biodiversity is at the centre of most of the global concern over deforestation. The poverty of many forest-dependent populations is also a source of worry. For a variety of critical functions, many poor communities around the world rely on local biodiversity. Materials for housing and clothing, food from a variety of wildlife species, and traditional remedies made from local plants and animals are among them [2].

The survival and quality of life of populations in affluent countries are likewise dependent on biodiversity. In the United States, about 40% of medications are based on or synthesised from natural chemicals found in plants, animals, or microorganisms. It's possible that the greatest value of biodiversity is still unknown. Only a small percentage of known species have been discovered. It's possible that the greatest value of biodiversity is still unknown. Only a small percentage of known species have been studied for medical, agricultural, or industrial purposes. We also don't fully comprehend how biodiversity contributes to the overall health of the global environment. And we're only beginning to understand how biodiversity helps communities meet their economic, culinary, health, and cultural demands around the world. One thing is certain: the more we understand about biodiversity, the more we recognise how important it is to the rest of the planet. Plants, animals, fungus, and microscopic life are all disappearing at frightening rates [3].

The range of living forms and species that exist within a given habitat is referred to as biodiversity. The amount of biodiversity in different forest types varies. Tropical rain forests are among the world's most biologically diverse ecosystems. When all other life forms in the forest are included, even temperate forests with only a few over story tree species can have surprising levels of biodiversity (e.g., herbaceous plants, mammals, birds, invertebrates, fungi, etc.). Species exist in a forest environment because they have adapted to the climatic, edaphic, or other conditions found there, and/or they rely on other species in the ecosystem. If species are unable to adapt to new climate regimes rapidly enough to keep up with changing conditions, climate change will have an influence on forest ecosystem biodiversity. Consider a migrating bird species that relies on a certain plant within its summer range as a nectar source. If warmer weather causes that plant to flower earlier in the year, it may have finished its flowering cycle by the time the bird arrives. Unless the bird species adapts to migrate earlier, it may experience population declines or extinction in that ecosystem. Species change with time [4].

Forests include the great majority of the world's terrestrial species, making them the most diverse ecosystems on land. Some rain forests are among the planet's oldest ecosystems. Hundreds of millions of people around the world rely on forest products such as timber, pulpwood, fuel, fodder, meat, cash crops, fish, and medicinal plants. However, only a small percentage of known species have been investigated for medical, agricultural, or industrial purposes. Protected forest areas are one of the most effective ways to preserve forest biodiversity. However, in order for local forest ecosystems to continue to function successfully, these regions must be of a specific size or comprise a well-designed network of forest areas. The forest that surrounds the protected area must subsequently be managed carefully to function as a buffer zone. Local communities can also earn a living without harming the protected forest by using the adjacent forests. Numerous initiatives have been made to protect the world's biodiversity by protecting species outside of their natural habitats. Seeds of some of the most economically important plants, for example, are maintained in seed centres and gene banks to protect their genetic diversity [5].

Conflict of Interest

None.

References

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