Environmental Protection in the Sea

Diptimayee Nayak^*
*Correspondence: Diptimayee Nayak, Department of Microbiology, Utkal University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India, Tel: +9908936042, Email:

Editorial

There have been oil spills all around the planet. Spills that are visible might occur in maritime environments, rivers, or on land. Industrial waste water, everyday emissions, and even some firms secretly emptying their dregs into the sewer system in the name of "pollution avoidance" can all cause unseen spills. Oil pollution happens at all times and in all places. Man's morals aren't up to par with his technological prowess. According to studies of maritime pollution, a large number of oil spills may be caused by effluents from offshore platforms, drilling rigs, and wells, as well as crude oil spills from ships. Aside from the well-known Deep water Horizon oil leak in the Gulf of Mexico, marine incidents such as ship collisions, groundings, or mechanical failures release large amounts of oil into the environment. Oil spill disasters jeopardise the ecology, and people must pay a high price to repair the harm. In March 1989, the oil tanker 'Exxon Valdez' sank in Alaska's Prince William Sound, dumping 260,000 barrels of crude oil. According to reports, between 100,000 and 300,000 birds died as a result of the oil spill.

In September 2002, the oil tanker "Prestige" crashed off the coast of Galicia, causing one of history's most infamous oil spills by devastating the whole coastline, particularly the exposed rocky shores and beaches. On all sides, devastation and wreckage greeted the sight. We must create effective solutions for treating oil pollution because Nature's ability to decompose oil is quite limited under such frequent incidences of oil pollution. Previously, oil pollution was handled with oil bloom, absorbent sheets, or oil skimmers. When a marine accident occurs, the contaminating oil will be isolated as soon as possible by an oil boom, preventing the oil from leaking into the sea. After that, absorbent sheets or oil skimmers were used to fill the duties. The oil, on the other hand, was not always well-sequestered. By the tides, some landed on beaches, while others landed on coastal rock. It was difficult to use such equipment on a sandy beach or a rocky shore. Many researchers have confirmed that bioremediation is a useful strategy for addressing beach oil pollution today. Microbial degradation of diesel and heavy oil has recently progressed to the point where Detected areas have become tourist attractions. Despite the good news in the realm of oil pollution treatment, the efficienc in terms of degradation was largely disappointing due to inadequate findings. People were aware that adding fertilisers and oxygen, as well as regulating temperature and pressure, may help to improve deteriorating efficiency, and the use of dispersant, there are still two issues with bioremediation.

The majority of researchers have only looked on bioremediation in freshwater environments. However, the efficacy of bioremediation will be nullified once in a seawater environment due to high salt. Dispersants are used to scatter oil in experimental systems where the water utilised is full of microbes so that microbes may easily breakdown the oil. People in a marine environment, on the other hand, have no choice but to employ only dispersants to disperse on going oil spills from an oil field or oil platform. Due to the vastness of the ocean, it is unknown whether bacteria stick around the dispersants. . However, it is widely known that oil and dispersant mixtures follow the tides and ride the waves, sink into the sea, are consumed by fish, damage reefs, and harm farming regions. The result is dire consequences. In a word, it appears that the studies about dispersants on degradation of oilbased pollutants are nonsense. Consequently, one must solve these problems to improve bioremediation.