Fixed Points of Enriched Contractions and Enriched -Contractions Existence and Approximation

Srikst Sergio^*
*Correspondence: Srikst Sergio, Department of Information Systems, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal, Email:

Introduction

Pharmacoepidemiology is important because it helps to find the right balance between the benefits and risks of drugs and is a great way to create a risk/ benefit balance profile. In the post-marketing phase, pharmacoepidemiology is the concept used to evaluate the impact of drugs on a large number of people. Similar to other frequent issues with disease epidemiology, it continues to be a significant concern for health authorities with an estimated 315 million people. The ability of pharmacoepidemiology to prevent adverse drug events (ADEs) is still up for debate. As a result, it is becoming increasingly crucial to identify the recurrence of drug-related anomalies, most of which are caused by patients or medical professionals. A component of health economics that is utilized for the purpose of analyzing the effective use of pharmaceuticals is pharmacoepidemiology. Pharmacoeconomic studies are important because they help measure the use of pharmaceutical products and services and their clinical outcomes in a country. This kind of evaluation is important because it can fix the system and make it easier to allocate healthcare resources [1,2].

Description

Due to their dominance of the market, public-sector providers are essential to Saudi Arabia's healthcare industry. As a result, healthcare spending is primarily the responsibility of the Ministry of Health (MOH). According to the Saudi government is responsible for approximately 75% of the country's total healthcare expenditures. However, imports play a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry at the same time; foremost the patented high-tech drugs. The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (FDA) oversee drug marketing and prohibit the sale of any pharmaceutical product that does not meet the licensing requirements of the nation. In addition, there is a strict price control policy in place with the goal of limiting both public and private spending on generic, branded and over-the-counter (OTC) medications. In order to provide local data on adverse drug reports (ADRs), the centre was an integral part of the Saudi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and collaborated with the WHO Uppsala Monitoring centre. Pharmacoepidemiology is important for health care because it helps find the right balance between the benefits and risks of drugs and products and is a great tool for creating a risk/benefit balance profile. The ADRs in Saudi Arabia and ways to avoid them will be better understood with the assistance of pharmacoepidemiology research. The present state of pharmacoepidemiology and post-marketing surveillance in Saudi Arabia, as well as their potential futures, are the subjects of this study. Pharmacological epidemiological studies benefit significantly from methodological differences. In order to conduct a literature review of the primary studies that have been published in the chosen area of research, the current study employs a qualitative research design [3].

The inclusion criteria were met by approximately 13 studies on Saudi Arabia's pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacovigilance challenges. Pharmacovigilance for hospitals, communities, prescription drugs and regulatory bodies were all part of the search. The purpose of the paper was addressed by selecting a number of potential studies. An overview of Saudi Arabia's current pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacovigilance status was provided by the chosen studies; However, the relevant studies that have been conducted have a rather narrow scope. Regarding the current state of pharmacoepidemiology research in Saudi Arabia, there is scant evidence. Contributors from Saudi Arabia view it as a collective effort by various stakeholders to encourage the population to use medicines safely and effectively. The author has emphasized the necessity of expanding pharmacovigilance research, which has not yet received the anticipated level of attention in Saudi Arabia, particularly from authorization holders and healthcare professionals. In order to establish drug safety in any nation, pharmacoepidemiology is essential [4]. It serves as a fundamental platform for information exchange, communication and dissemination to the relevant authorities. It is obvious that the idea has just been as of late evolved and is in its underlying stages. Despite their potential, the initiatives need to be developed and established further in order to achieve their ultimate goals. In order to comment on the current research status of pharmacoepidemiology and post-marketing surveillance and ultimately pharmacovigilance in Saudi Arabia, the study incorporated peer-reviewed articles from well-known databases and synthesized data [5,6].

Conclusion

As a result, the research that has been done in Saudi Arabia on pharmacoepidemiology and post-marketing surveillance has only produced a small amount of data. This issue has been considered a challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and has been discussed from a variety of perspectives. Enhancing the procedure of an ADRs reporting system has the potential to broaden the scope of the current body of research. Nationally, additional research should be carried out on a larger scale. To elaborate on the current state of research on the subjects covered in this study, precise statistics are required.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict of Interest

None.

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