Mini Review - (2022) Volume 13, Issue 12
Received: 01-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. jpm-23-86928;
Editor assigned: 04-Dec-2022, Pre QC No. P-86928;
Reviewed: 15-Dec-2022, QC No. Q-86928;
Revised: 21-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. R-86928;
Published:
28-Dec-2022
, DOI: 10.37421/2090-0902.2022.13.404
Citation: Horng, Ching. “Luminous Materials and Polymer Remnants Added to Concrete Objects: Photoelectric Radiation's Effect.” J Phys Math 13 (2022): 404.
Copyright: © 2022 Horng C. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Among the many practical applications of quantum physics in engineering and architecture, photoluminescence stands out. The photoelectric effect causes some substances to release photons when exposed to solar energy. In research conducted in Europe and Mexico, these substances were used to produce a photoluminescent effect on bicycle paths. When making concrete artifacts to illuminate bike and pedestrian paths, the purpose of the study is to investigate how polymeric residues interact with the luminescent properties of rare-earth materials. After being made from recycled polymeric waste and luminescent materials, the concrete blocks were put in direct sunlight and tested for mechanical strength. Concrete's polymer residue significantly boosts photon emission, according to experiments, especially when processed via extrusion. The research objectives for a product intended to illuminate paths for cyclists and pedestrians were still met, despite the fact that the combination of polymers and photoluminescent materials weakens concrete.
Photoluminescence • Concrete • Photoelectric Effect • Polymers
Photoluminescence is one of the practical uses of quantum physics in current research. Albert Einstein was the first to conceptualize the photoelectric effect phenomenon, which he used to explain the nature of the photon or light quantum. It is possible to explain how certain materials produce photon-light that travels at a specific frequency after being exposed to an energy source like sunlight. When substances are exposed to solar or ultraviolet light, this effect can be seen in nature. When a material is excited and releases photons of electromagnetic radiation at a certain frequency, photoluminescence is a type of luminescent emission.
Photoluminescence has found numerous uses in a variety of medical procedures in recent years. In biological and medical applications, luminescent nanomaterials perform better than other materials in terms of photon emission, stability, chemical properties, and biocompatibility. The creation of new, efficient, and inexpensive luminescent materials makes it possible to use them in a variety of fields, including high energy physics, medicine, lighting, security, agriculture, and other areas. Rare earth metals, which include 15 lanthanides with nuclear numbers 57 to 71 in the occasional table, stand out among solids from a thoroughly studied long-term dynamic system outlined by global industry processes. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the term "rare-earth" was created when the elements were separated from metallic oxides known as alkaline earth metals. The brilliant effects that these handled materials produce at the nanomaterial scale can be used in a variety of contexts. A literature review has revealed that luminescent gold nanocluster properties can now be utilized in quantum chemistry and biosensing. Because they can produce pure colors, luminescent materials doped with lanthanides are of interest to the optical electronics industry [1].
When luminescent compounds are synthesized, rare-earth materials can be used as optical markers in medical examinations or to make lightemitting molecular devices. Additionally, rare-earth ions emit photons of varying frequencies when exposed to ultraviolet light, such as europium-doped yttrium red; Europium-doped strontium phosphates give the blue color; and the terbium-containing green color, which causes photoluminescence in the three primary colors. Studies on energy efficiency have increased as a result of a growing awareness of the importance of conserving natural resources and reducing adverse effects on the environment. It should be noted that greenhouse gas emissions from electricity production have a direct impact on environmental pollution and human health [2].
Therefore, applications of energy efficiency projects benefit from the sustainability of rare earth materials. In designing, these substances are applied in photovoltaic board plans and in more effective lighting advances. For outdoor use, rare-earth materials were added to concrete artifacts in Mexico to create photoluminescent effects. In Europe, the effect was also used to create light paths for cyclists and pedestrians. The emitted light can have varying wavelengths, and the chemical composition of the material that is used determines whether or not concrete glows. The photoelectric effect that produces and transforms light is connected to the physical mechanism of luminescence: during the day, the material gets light energy from sunlight based radiation, and around evening time this energy is delivered discharged as photons. That is the means by which sunlight based energy that shines on the substantial in the light period (day) can light the way for people on foot and cyclists to pass during the dim period [3-5].
The study aims to determine how polymer residues interact with rareearth materials during the production of concrete artifacts. Our speculation is that the substantial delivered by the expansion of polymeric agglomerates can expand the exchange of sunlight based radiation and, subsequently, increment the photon discharge in the blocks used to light ways for people on foot and cyclists. Additionally, considering that polymeric waste originates from recycling, its utilization may sustainably enhance radiation absorption. There were four stages to this experimental and exploratory study: A review of the existing research to determine which substances are used to produce a luminescent effect in concrete access to suppliers of polymer waste and rareearth materials the production of concrete cylinders and blocks in a laboratory; and tests of the concrete artifacts produced in the previous phase's mechanical resistance [6].
The substance that created the luminescent effect was brought in from the Chinese chemical product development and marketing industry. Due to the presence of the terbium ion (TiO2), the substance used in this study emits green light at 543 nm. Ceramic research also makes use of this rare-earth material. A Brazilian plastic recycling industry provided the polymeric waste: polymer in extruded polyethylene polymer and low-density polyethylene flakes. Three concrete mixes were made with various coarse aggregates. The first used polymer flakes, the second used extrusion polymer, and the third used crushed basalt as a reference concrete instead of polymer. Mixture C was selected because it possessed the same mass-to-mixture ratio as the other concretes [7,8].
First, all of the dry materials were inserted and mixed for five minutes to create the mixture process. After that, water was added gradually to achieve complete homogenization. In the end, a superplasticizer was added so that the flow ability as measured by a flow table test, was the same for all mixtures. The final water to cement ratio (w/c) was different for each concrete because of the different volumes that were obtained: A is concrete at 0.48; B is concrete at 0.37;C in concrete is 0.5. In the end, the concrete mixtures A, B, and C were poured into cylinders and rectangular molds measuring 50 x 100 mm and 40 x 40 mm, respectively. The samples were then covered with the rare-earth materials, which weighed 0.25 g for each one [9].
Two months after being made, concrete samples' mechanical and gloss performance were tested. The concretes' flexural and compressive strengths were measured following the NBR 13,279 test. The electrohydraulic press's output is expressed in tons, so the following equations (1 and 2) were used to calculate the MPa strengths. The equations are identical to what the national standard suggests. The freshly mixed concrete blocks were put in direct sunlight for 15 minutes to see if they had a luminescent effect. However, the tests had to be stopped because the sun was obscured by clouds and there was evidence of rain. The luminescent effect was observed when we returned to the dark location, where the masses were still soft before the concrete dried. With a 13 Mp camera, one of the researcher's mobile devices took the effect photo [10].
Consequently, the photoluminescent effect was demonstrated by the emission of green photons after 15 minutes of sunlight exposure. Through the effects of photoluminescence and mechanical strength, the experiment demonstrated that polymers can be added to concrete. The reference concrete (C) emitted the fewest photons when compared to the other samples. The experiment revealed that polymeric aggregates enhanced the surface's photoluminescent effect and contributed to the concrete's light transference. Concrete made with extrusion polymer had uniform photon emission. In addition, the mixture's polymer aggregation was qualitatively more pronounced. The polymer in the flakes was difficult to mix with the other components because of its low density. By including a product with a plasticizer, this issue was resolved.
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