Menopause: Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Anette Lycke^*
*Correspondence: Anette Lycke, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Clinical Research Center, Box 50332, 20213 Malmö, Sweden, Email:

Keywords

Complementary and alternative medicine • Hot flashes • Menopause • Symptoms • Review

Introduction

Although many neurological conditions are prevalent, there are few cures and few conventional treatments. Numerous patients go to reciprocal and elective medication (CAM) to track down help. Although over half of adults with common neurological conditions use CAM, the majority have not discussed this use with their health care provider, highlighting the need to make CAM use a routine part of the history and an important subject to understand as a provider. CAM is defined as a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices and products that are not currently considered conventional medicine. Patients are looking for extra medicines and having an educated supplier talk about and prompt on CAM can explain what modalities might have the most advantage. Concocting a compelling treatment plan for these circumstances ought to incorporate a conversation of CAM choices [1]. When it comes to boosting a patient's sense of self-efficacy and giving them the confidence to make positive changes that could have a big impact, an integrative approach is especially important. Patients who have the impression that they are actively involved in determining their plan of care are more likely to adhere to all treatments. As treatments that were once regarded as "alternatives" accumulate sufficient evidence to become mainstream, CAM treatments change over time. This paper discusses the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities such as lifestyle factors, mindbody practices, acupuncture, supplements and therapeutic touch for migraine, carpal tunnel syndrome and dementia.

Description

During menopause, hormonal changes may have an effect on sexual function. Low estrogen levels adversely affected sexual interest and responsiveness, but did not affect the frequency of sexual activity, according to a prospective, population-based study of Australian-born women who were observed for eight years as they passed through natural menopause. In this group, there was no significant change in total testosterone. In addition, no sexual domains were significantly impacted by free testosterone levels. Similarly, there was no significant difference in testosterone levels between women with SPEQ scores that indicated sexual dysfunction and women with no dysfunction during natural menopause. It is important that it is conceivable that there are contrasts in serum testosterone, in any case, it could be hard to notice tremendous contrasts in exceptionally low degrees of testosterone as a result of the responsiveness limits of non-mass spectrometry-based testosterone examines [2].

Women are twice as likely as men to experience depression and one fifth of Americans will experience it at some point in their lives. There is evidence that the perimenopause represents another period of vulnerability for women, despite the fact that depression is more prevalent in young adults and has its peak onset in the fourth decade of life. A number of large prospective cohort studies have demonstrated that the transition to menopause is accompanied by an increased risk of depressive mood and an approximately threefold increased risk of major depressive episode during perimenopause in comparison to premenopause. Even though it has been demonstrated that having suffered from depression in the past increases the risk, women who have not suffered from depression in the past are still two to four times more likely to suffer from depression during the transition to menopause than they were in the premenopause. In some cases, anxiety symptoms precede depression and anxiety may also be thought to increase a woman's vulnerability to a midlife depressive episode [3].

The estrogen-mediated preservation and regulation of mitochondrial structure and function are directly mediated by mitochondrial estrogen receptors. Five multi-subunit complexes (complexes I-V or CI-CV) make up the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system, which can be found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial and nuclear genomes are required for the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) biogenesis. The fact that estrogen receptors bind to the estrogen responsive element (EREs) in D-loop mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that estrogen receptors play a role in regulating gene expression in mitochondria. In this regard, ICI 182,780, an estrogen antagonist, inhibited an E2-stimulated increase in mRNA levels of the mtDNA-encoded genes cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II in a human breast epithelia cell line study. also known as Fulvestrant), which indicates dependence on estrogen receptors. Another study demonstrated that complex IV cytochrome c oxidase Within three hours of giving OVX female rats E2, the mRNA levels of CIV) subunit III significantly increased in the hippocampus. The fact that the cell's nuclear and mitochondrial compartments both contain estrogen receptors suggests that nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The presence of a mitochondrial targeting protein sequence (mTPS;) in the ER- supports the idea of nuclear-mitochondrial cross-talk. aa 220-270), ER- does not have an mTPS [4].

An in vitro study demonstrated that ER- moves between the nucleus and mitochondria, bolstering the cross-talk idea. Other studies demonstrated that, in contrast to the direct regulation of mtDNA, mitochondrial ER-mediated its effect via CREB phosphorylation. In turn, pCREB can bind directly to the D-loop of mtDNA, which is the control region of mtDNA and regulate OXPHOS subunit gene expression. Following treatment with E2, our research revealed that ER- silencing decreased nuclear and mitochondrial pCREB, indicating that the ER- is necessary for CREB phosphorylation (pCREB) at both subcellular locations. Also, mitochondria-encoded complex IV (CIV) subunits 1, 2 and 3 protein levels were reduced when ER- was silenced, suggesting that ER- is involved in pCREB-mediated mitochondrial OXPHOS protein expression.

His cross-sectional study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak and was carried out from December 2017 to May 2018. The Declaration of Helsinki's pertinent guidelines and regulations were followed in all research methods. The study was conducted on women between the ages of 40 and 65 who went to four women's health camps in Kuching, Bau, Serian and Semantan in Sarawak, Malaysia. These camps were part of a health campaign that was started by local women's non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The people who took part came from all walks of life; The women came from either urban, semiurban, or rural areas and had varying degrees of education, from no formal education to tertiary education [5].

Conclusion

There is a lot of use for herbal products. However, neither their safety nor effectiveness are consistently supported by evidence. Additionally, there is the possibility that some herbal products could pose serious health risks when used in conjunction with other medications. Vitamins and minerals may be necessary for women at risk of deficiency, but they do not appear to alleviate symptoms of menopause. Doctor started conversations of CAM with ladies progressing through menopause will assist with advancing an integrative model of care that will guarantee the most significant level of patient consideration.

Acknowledgment

None.

Conflict of Interest

No conflict of interest.

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