Methods for Treating Textile Effluent and Environmentally Friendly Treatment of Textile Wastewater

Honey Gupta^*
*Correspondence: Honey Gupta, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, Email:

Keywords

Hydrosulfides • Toxic chemicals • Oxygen concentrations

Introduction

Additionally, turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) are all discussed. Control measures must be implemented to reduce effluent pollution, as more stringent restrictions are anticipated in the future. Pretreatments, dyeing, printing, and finishing are all parts of the textile manufacturing process. Not only do these production processes produce a significant amount of waste products, but they also use a lot of energy and water. Sustainable dyeing, the use of newer, less polluting technologies, efficient effluent treatment, and waste recycling processes all need to be modified in order to lessen the impact of textile process pollution. Finally, a summary of the current article and perspectives for the future are presented [1].

Discussion

The transformation of natural or man-made fibers into yarn and fabrics in the industrial production of textiles is a lengthy and intricate process. Existing conventional water treatment facilities face significant difficulties as a result of the growing amount of hazardous dye wastewater generated by various industries, which continues to be a significant threat to the environment and a serious threat to public health. The textile industry is a well-known conventional and stakeholder industry in the global economy. However, it is also facing significant environmental issues. From initial sizing to final washing, various chemical-based processes in textile industries are fascinating concerns about the harsh environment. The rapid rise in wastewater containing toxic dyes produced by various industries remains a serious threat to public health and the environment, posing a significant challenge to conventional water treatment methods. Subsequently, an assortment of physio-cochemical and organic treatment processes have been explored, with fluctuating expulsion capacities relying upon the exploratory requirements [2].

The photosynthetic activity of aquatic ecosystems is negatively impacted when dye-containing wastewater that has not been treated is directly discharged into natural water bodies. It causes aquatic organisms and fish species to become mutagenic or teratogenic due to the presence of metals and aromatics. Dyeing is a process in which various colors and their shades are applied to a fabric to improve its appearance. Coloring should be possible at any phase of the assembling of material fiber, yarn, texture, or a completed material item including pieces of clothing and attire. Chemicals called dyes are responsible for the human eye's ability to perceive color by absorbing and reflecting light at specific wavelengths. A dyeing process is the interaction between a dye and fiber as well as its migration into the fiber's internal section. Some dye remains in the dye bath, which is discharged with effluents, and not all of the dye is bonded to the fiber during the dyeing process. As a result, these effluents must be treated unless they pose environmental risks. The consumer typically looks for some fundamental product characteristics, such as good fixation with respect to light, sweat, and washing, both initially and after prolonged use, in addition to the design and appealing color. To guarantee these properties, the substances that give tone to the fiber necessity show high fondness, uniform tone, protection from blurring and be financially attainable. The application of color to fabric in particular patterns or designs is known as textile printing. Roller, rotary screen, or flat-screen methods are utilized in fabric printing to apply a decorative design to the fabric [3-5].

Conclusion

The solvent, which may be organic, aqueous, or a mixture of the two, is responsible for the majority of print adhesive emissions. Print pastes have varying levels of organic solvent absorption, with no uniform ratio of organic solvent to water. In addition to weaving and/or the production of synthetic materials, washing, bleaching, coating, and dyeing are textile finishing processes applied to bulk textiles or garments. These consume a lot of energy and a lot of water, most of which is released as effluent. The problem of excessive expenses in the industry is getting worse. The scholars' method consists of a nano-filtration step followed by a micro-filtration pretreatment of used finishing baths.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict of Interest

None.

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