Mini Review - (2020) Volume 4, Issue 2
Received: 03-Jul-2020
Published:
30-Jul-2020
, DOI: 10.37421/cmcr.2020.04.132
Citation: Ashwini Mattapalli, Mamatha Dereddy. Neurological Science. Clin Med Case Rep 4 (2020):132. doi: 10.37421/cmcr.2020.04.132
Copyright: © 2020 Mattapalli A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
A neurologist is a medical doctor specializing in neurology and qualified to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological conditions. Neurologists may moreover be involved in clinical research, clinical trials, and simple or translational research. While neurology is a nonsurgical specialty, its parallel surgical specialty is neurosurgery.
Definition: is a division of medicine dealing with conditions of the nervous system. It deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all types of disorders and disease involving the central and peripheral nervous systems including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. Neurological practice depends heavily on the field of neuroscience, the scientific study of the nervous system [1].
A neurologist is a medical doctor specializing in neurology and qualified to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological conditions. Neurologists may moreover be involved in clinical research, clinical trials, and simple or translational research. While neurology is a nonsurgical specialty, its parallel surgical specialty is neurosurgery.
During the examination, the neurologist evaluates the patient's health the past with special attention to the present condition. The patient then appears a neurological examination. Typically, the examination tests mental status, function of the cranial nerves (including vision), strength, coordination, reflexes, and sensation. This statistics helps the neurologist conclude whether the problem occurs in the nervous system and the clinical localization.
Neurologists examine people who are mentioned to them by other physicians in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. Neurologists begin their communications with patients by captivating a comprehensive medical history, and then execution of a physical examination focusing on evaluating the nervous system. Components of the neurological examination comprise assessment of the patient's cognitive function, cranial nerves, motor strength, sensation, reflexes, coordination, and gait.
In some cases, neurologists may instruct additional diagnostic tests as slice of the evaluation. Usually employed tests in neurology comprise imaging studies such as computed axial tomography (CAT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound of major blood vessels of the head and neck. Neurophysiologic studies, including electroencephalography (EEG), needle electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction studies (NCSs) and induced potentials are also usually well-ordered. Neurologists commonly perform lumbar punctures to judge characteristics of a patient's cerebrospinal fluid. Advances in genetic testing have made genetic testing an significant tool in the classification of hereditary neuromuscular disease and diagnosis of many extra neurogenic diseases. The role of genetic effects on the development of acquired neurologic diseases is an active area of research.
Some of the usually encountered circumstances cured by neurologists include headaches, radiculopathy, neuropathy, stroke, dementia, seizures and epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, head trauma, sleep disorders, neuromuscular diseases, and various illnesses and tumors of the nervous system. Neurologists are also questioned to evaluate insensitive patients on life support to authorize brain death [2].
Management options differ depending on the neurological problem. They can include mentioning the patient to a physiotherapist, prescribing medications, or recommending a surgical process.
Some neurologists concentrate in certain areas of the nervous system or in specific procedures. For example, clinical neurophysiologists specialize in the use of EEG and intraoperative inspection to diagnose certain neurological disorders. Other neurologists concentrate in the use of electrodiagnostic medicine studies – needle EMG and NCSsA countless deal of overlap happens between neuroscience and neurology. Several neurologists effort in academic training hospitals, where they perform research as neuroscientists in addition to treating patients and teaching neurology to medical students.
Neurological conditions frequently have psychiatric manifestations, such as poststroke depression, depression and dementia connected with Parkinson's disease, mood and cognitive dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington disease. Hence, the sharp difference between neurology and psychiatry is not constantly on a biological basis.
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