Opinion - (2024) Volume 9, Issue 3
Received: 29-Apr-2024, Manuscript No. APN-24-138831;
Editor assigned: 01-May-2024, Pre QC No. P-138831;
Reviewed: 15-May-2024, QC No. Q-138831;
Revised: 20-May-2024, Manuscript No. R-138831;
Published:
27-May-2024
, DOI: 10.37421/2573-0347.2024.9.385
Citation: Robstad, Nastasja. “Nursing Ethics: Addressing Moral Dilemmas in Patient Care.” Adv Practice Nurs 9 (2024): 385.
Copyright: © 2024 Robstad N. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Nursing ethics plays a crucial role in guiding nurses through the moral dilemmas they encounter in patient care. This review examines the key ethical principles in nursing, the common moral dilemmas faced by nurses, and the strategies for addressing these challenges. By synthesizing current literature on nursing ethics, this review highlights the importance of ethical decisionmaking, moral courage, and ongoing education in navigating complex ethical situations and ensuring high standards of patient care. Nursing is a profession deeply rooted in ethical principles and moral obligations. Nurses are frequently faced with situations that require them to make difficult ethical decisions, balancing the needs and rights of patients with professional standards and societal expectations. The rapid advancements in medical technology, diverse patient populations, and complex healthcare environments have further intensified the ethical challenges in nursing practice. These principles guide nurses in making decisions that respect patient rights, promote wellbeing, prevent harm, and ensure fairness. However, the application of these principles in practice often involves navigating complex and sometimes conflicting demands, highlighting the need for robust ethical frameworks and support systems. Research on nursing ethics has identified several common moral dilemmas that nurse’s encounter in their practice. These include issues related to patient autonomy, end-of-life care, informed consent, confidentiality, resource allocation, and professional boundaries [1].
End-of-life care presents another significant ethical challenge, as nurses must balance the wishes of patients and their families with medical recommendations and ethical considerations regarding palliative care and life-sustaining treatments. Informed consent and confidentiality are also critical areas where ethical dilemmas arise, particularly when dealing with vulnerable populations or sensitive information. Strategies for addressing these moral dilemmas emphasize the importance of ethical decision-making processes, which involve gathering relevant information, considering the perspectives of all stakeholders, evaluating the ethical principles at play, and making decisions that align with professional standards and personal moral values. The role of moral courage in nursing is also highlighted, as it empowers nurses to advocate for their patients, speak out against unethical practices, and uphold ethical standards even in the face of adversity [2].
Addressing moral dilemmas in nursing requires a multifaceted approach that includes education, support, and institutional policies. Ethical education and training are essential for equipping nurses with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate complex ethical situations. Continuing education programs, workshops, and case studies can enhance nurses' understanding of ethical principles and improve their ethical decision-making abilities. Support systems, such as ethics committees, mentorship programs, and peer support groups, play a crucial role in helping nurses manage ethical challenges. These resources provide a platform for discussing ethical dilemmas, seeking advice, and sharing experiences, thereby fostering a culture of ethical practice and mutual support within healthcare organizations [3].
Institutional policies and guidelines are also vital in promoting ethical conduct and providing clear frameworks for addressing moral dilemmas. Healthcare organizations should develop and implement comprehensive ethics policies that outline procedures for ethical decision-making, provide resources for ethical support, and ensure accountability for ethical breaches. Patient care is the cornerstone of the healthcare system, encompassing a range of services and practices designed to ensure the well-being and recovery of individuals receiving medical attention. The primary aim of patient care is to provide comprehensive, compassionate, and personalized care to meet the physical, emotional, and psychological needs of patients. Effective patient care not only involves addressing medical conditions but also emphasizes the holistic well-being of patients, integrating aspects of empathy, respect, and dignity [4].
One of the essential components of patient care is the development and implementation of individualized care plans. These plans are tailored to the specific needs of each patient, taking into account their medical history, current health status, and personal preferences. Individualized care plans are developed collaboratively by healthcare teams, including doctors, nurses, therapists, and other specialists, ensuring that all aspects of a patient’s health are considered and addressed. This approach fosters a patient-centered environment where patients are active participants in their care, enhancing their satisfaction and outcomes [5,6]. Effective communication is another critical element of high-quality patient care. Clear, open, and empathetic communication between healthcare providers and patients is vital for understanding patients' concerns, explaining treatment options, and providing education about their conditions. Good communication helps build trust and rapport, which are fundamental for effective patient care. It also ensures that patients are well-informed and able to make knowledgeable decisions about their health, contributing to better adherence to treatment plans and improved health outcomes.
Moreover, patient care involves the integration of advanced technology and evidence-based practices to enhance treatment effectiveness and efficiency. The use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs), telemedicine, and mobile health applications allows for better management of patient information, streamlined workflows, and improved access to care, particularly in remote or underserved areas. These technologies facilitate continuity of care by ensuring that all healthcare providers involved in a patient’s care have access to up-to-date and accurate information, reducing the risk of errors and enhancing coordination among healthcare teams.
Patient safety is a paramount concern in patient care. Healthcare providers are responsible for creating a safe environment that minimizes the risk of harm to patients. This involves adhering to strict protocols and guidelines, conducting regular safety checks, and being vigilant in identifying and addressing potential hazards. In addition to preventing medical errors and infections, patient safety also encompasses aspects such as fall prevention, medication safety, and the proper handling of medical equipment. The emotional and psychological support of patients is also a crucial aspect of patient care. Many patients experience anxiety, fear, and stress related to their health conditions and treatments. Healthcare providers must be attuned to these emotional needs and provide support through active listening, counselling and referrals to mental health professionals when necessary. Supportive care can significantly impact a patient's overall well-being and recovery, promoting a more positive healthcare experience.
Nursing ethics is fundamental to ensuring high standards of patient care and professional conduct. By understanding and applying ethical principles, engaging in ethical decision-making processes, and demonstrating moral courage, nurses can effectively navigate the moral dilemmas they encounter in their practice. Ongoing education, robust support systems, and clear institutional policies are essential for fostering an ethical nursing practice and enhancing the quality of care provided to patients. As the healthcare landscape continues to evolve, the commitment to ethical nursing practice will remain crucial in addressing the complex ethical challenges of the future.
Journal of Advanced Practices in Nursing received 410 citations as per Google Scholar report
