Radiation Therapy Side Effects and Management: A Patient's Guide

Devarim Ersahin^*
*Correspondence: Devarim Ersahin, Department of Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA, Email:

Introduction

Radiation therapy is an essential and effective treatment modality for cancer and some non-cancerous conditions. While it plays a critical role in eliminating or controlling disease, it can also cause side effects. It's important for patients to be informed about these potential side effects and their management to ensure the best possible treatment experience. In this article, we will explore common radiation therapy side effects and strategies for managing them. Radiation therapy, also known as radiotherapy, uses high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors. The radiation can be delivered externally (external beam radiation) or internally (brachytherapy) and is precisely aimed at the tumor site to minimize damage to healthy surrounding tissues. While the goal is to minimize side effects, they can still occur due to the impact of radiation on normal cells. Skin redness, dryness, itching, and peeling are common side effects, particularly in areas where the radiation beam is directed. These side effects are more prevalent in breast, head and neck, and pelvic radiation. Radiation therapy can cause fatigue, often described as a feeling of extreme tiredness. It may be mild or severe and is usually cumulative throughout the treatment course. These side effects are more common when radiation is directed at the abdomen or gastrointestinal area. Anti-nausea medications may be prescribed to alleviate these symptoms. Hair loss is a side effect when radiation is delivered to the head, but it is often temporary and hair regrowth occurs after treatment [1].

Description

Patients receiving radiation to the head and neck area may experience difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia, or a dry mouth, known as xerostomia. Radiation can affect taste buds, leading to altered taste perceptions and changes in appetite. Radiation directed at the pelvic area can cause bowel and bladder irritations, leading to diarrhea, increased frequency, or discomfort. To manage skin reactions, maintain proper hygiene, use gentle soaps, and avoid applying creams or lotions to the treatment area without approval from your healthcare team. Loose-fitting, soft clothing can help reduce irritation. Skin care is of utmost importance for individuals undergoing radiation therapy. While radiation therapy is a vital treatment modality for cancer and other medical conditions, it can have side effects that affect the skin, making it essential to care for and protect your skin during the treatment. Apply a fragrance-free, hypoallergenic moisturizer to the treated area to keep the skin well-hydrated. Avoid moisturizers that contain alcohol or fragrances, as these can be irritating. The treated area may become more sensitive to the sun's harmful UV rays. Protect it by wearing loose, protective clothing and using broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 when going outdoors [2,3].

It's advisable to cover the treated area when exposed to direct sunlight. Avoid using harsh skincare products, such as exfoliants, scrubs, or products containing alcohol, on the treated area. Stick to gentle, non-irritating skincare products. If the radiation therapy is administered to the underarm area, ask your healthcare provider whether it's safe to use deodorant during treatment. Wear loose-fitting clothing to reduce friction on the treated area, as tight or rough fabrics can further irritate the skin. Drink plenty of water to help keep your skin and body well-hydrated. Hydrated skin is less prone to irritation. If you experience any skin changes, such as redness, blistering, or discomfort, inform your healthcare team promptly. They can provide guidance on managing specific issues. Steer clear of hot baths, saunas, or heating pads on the treated area, as excessive heat can worsen skin irritation. Skin reactions may not occur immediately and can develop over the course of radiation therapy. Be patient and take time for self-care to manage the changes effectively. Radiation therapy can lead to a range of skin reactions, from mild redness to more severe skin irritation or blistering. The side effects can vary depending on the location of treatment and individual factors. Always follow the guidance of your healthcare team, as they can provide personalized recommendations for your specific situation [4,5].

Conclusion

Radiation therapy is a vital component of cancer treatment and can also be used to manage certain non-cancerous conditions. While it can have side effects, many of them are manageable with the help of your healthcare team. Open communication with your radiation oncologist, nurses, and support staff is crucial. They can provide guidance, prescribe medications, and offer tips to enhance your overall treatment experience and minimize discomfort. By staying informed and proactive, you can make your radiation therapy journey as smooth as possible while achieving the best possible outcomes.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest by author.

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