Recent Overview of Coordination Compound′s Potent Antioxidant Activity

Mai Khalaf^*
*Correspondence: Mai Khalaf, Department of Chemistry, King Faisal University, Box 400, Saudi Arabia, Email:

Introduction

In recent decades, the complexation of organic ligands towards various metal ions of the s-p and d-block has been used as a strategy to improve antioxidant performance. Coordination compounds are widely used in industries, particularly in the medical and pharmaceutical fields, due to their wide range of beneficial effects. Chelation improves activity in general because the properties of both ligands and metals can lead to the development of highly active compounds. Chelation compounds can be used instead of traditional synthetic antioxidants because metal chelates have advantages such as a variety of geometry, oxidation states, and coordination number, which aid and favour the redox methods associated with antioxidant action.

Coordination compounds are involved in the free radical scavenging process and protect human organisms from the opposing effects of these radicals, in addition to understanding the best studied anti-oxidative properties of these compounds. Several interconnected systems can evaluate antioxidant capacity. The methodological modification provides the most information on metal chelates' antioxidant properties. Colorimetric techniques are the most commonly used, but for metallic compounds, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is an alternative because colour has no effect on the results. Information about systems, including their advantages and disadvantages, enables a reliable assessment of the antioxidant performance of coordination compounds, as well as assisting application in various states where antioxidant drugs are required, such as in food protection, appropriate well-packaged foods, dietary supplements and others [1].

Description

Human life is dependent on the metabolic processes, equilibrium, and optimally functioning repair systems of our bodies. Free radicals are reactive chemical entities with one or more unpaired electrons. Free oxygen radicals are essential to our bodies' normal functioning. These were developed as part of metabolism and have little sensitivity, as well as the ability to attack DNA, proteins, and fatty acids, which can contribute to oxidative stress and thus is the cause of many human physical abnormalities. On the other hand, O₂ has two faces: it is a cause of reacting O₂/N₂ species, which in excess can cause major health problems as well as central nervous system neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease and ageing [2].

Antioxidants are chemical substances that, when present in low concentrations relative to an oxygen electrode, can delay or prevent oxidation. Antioxidants are the body's natural first line of defence against dangerous chemicals known as free radicals, and they must respond quickly to free radicals in order to protect biomolecules. The need for antioxidants becomes even more important as one's exposure to free radicals increases. Pollution, cigarette smoke, medications, illness, stress, and even exercise can all increase free radical exposure. In response to free radicals, body cells produce them. Antioxidants are commonly used as catalysts in antibiotics for anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral purposes, as well as anticorrosion in the industry.

The binding of metal ions with these compounds, on the other hand, appears to have a wide range of applications in analytical chemistry, the food industry, the dye industry, catalysis, fungicidal, agrochemical, and biological activities, as well as a slight decrease in cytotoxicity from both ions and the Aryl ring. The study of metal-derived antioxidants has attracted a great deal of attention and effort in an attempt to create compounds with high potential for scavenging free radicals linked to a variety of ailments and diseases caused by ROS. Because synthetic antioxidants are more effective and less expensive than natural antioxidants, they are now widely used. Several Schiff-base metal chelates are being researched as powerful ROS scavengers and antioxidants [3].

Radicals are reactive chemical units that contain one or more unpaired electrons. In vitro tests were developed as a component of cellular metabolism and have no specificity, attacking DNA, peptides, and fatty acids, as well as being linked to diseases such as cancer and vascular disease, as well as pathological processes of the nervous system such as Alzheimer's disease and ageing. Antioxidants are organic molecules that, when supplied in small amounts similar to those found in an oxygen electrode substrate, can slow or prevent degradation. A radical is a reduced living species, as opposed to an antioxidant, which protects the neutral substrate from oxidation. Antioxidants react by inhibiting or preventing the decay of other compounds.

The antioxidant's significant in vitro reactivity to organic compounds is thus not indicative of its efficiency in vivo. Furthermore, as independent reviews have shown, antioxidant medication may be ineffective and even dangerous. Their findings show that natural antioxidants are extensively digested in vivo, resulting in a significant decrease in oxidation potential at the structural level. The researchers observed an increase in scholarly interest in the relationships between natural antioxidants and proteins involved in intracellular signalling cascades, as well as gut macrobiotic regulation.

The possibility of modifying the properties of organic ligands and their derivatives by varying the metallic chelate and the ligands opens the door for the addition of other roles as well as antioxidant performance. While linking antioxidant active groups improves antioxidant performance, it is still ineffective for discovering antioxidant performance for previously produced antioxidant active group chelates, as well as preparing novel antioxidant active group chelates with extra properties. Metal complexes' molecular structure diversity has been identified as promising for the discovery and application of new antioxidant compounds. This review covered the improvement in antioxidant activity achieved with coordination to a wide range of metal centres and demonstrated that various factors are involved in a metal complex's antioxidant activity [4,5].

Conclusion

Around the same time, the colour combination in the feed solution can cause absorbance changes that are more detrimental to the event of discoloration than to color-formation reactions. As a result, there is still a significant opportunity in this research area to develop new analytical techniques for assessing the antioxidant potential of substances, particularly in food materials. The design of biomolecule sensors and their application in antioxidant studies, for example, could be of great interest and benefit in the project planning phase analysis. Enzymes, aptamers, DNA/RNA, and whole cells are among the bio recognition elements used in the development of electrical biosensors for the study of antioxidants. Accessibility, efficiency of analysis, and the use of a small sample amount are all advantages of biosensing.

Acknowledgement

None.

Conflict of Interest

There are no conflicts of interest by author.

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