Perspective - (2022) Volume 13, Issue 1
Received: 19-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. jbsbe-22- 56035;
Editor assigned: 21-Jan-2022, Pre QC No. P-56035;
Reviewed: 27-Jan-2022, QC No. Q-56035;
Revised: 03-Feb-2022, Manuscript No. R-56035;
Published:
08-Feb-2022
, DOI: 10.4172/2155-6210.22.13.311
Citation: Medintz, Igor. "Roles of Biosensor Technology in Agricultural Issues." J Biosens Bioelectron 13 (2022): 311.
Copyright: © 2022 Medintz I. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
A biosensor is a small analytical instrument that includes a biological or biomimetic sensing element that is either attached to or incorporated into a transducer system. The selective binding of the analyte of interest to the complementary biorecognition element immobilised on a suitable support medium is the detection principle. The transducer detects and measures a change in one or more physico-chemical characteristics as a result of the particular contact. The most common goal is to generate an electrical signal that is proportionate in amplitude or frequency to the concentration of a given analyte or combination of analytes that the biosensing element binds to.
The bio-recognition system of a biosensor can be used to classify it. The enzyme/substrate, antibody/antigen, and nucleic acids/complementary sequences pairings are the most common biological materials employed in biosensor technology. Microorganisms, entire cells from animals or plants, and tissue slices can also be used in the biosensing system. Recent discoveries and developments in the field of molecular imprinting have opened the door to a new method incorporating artificial biomimetic recognition systems.
In principle, molecular imprinted polymers may be made for any analyte molecule and can bind target molecules with affinities and specificities comparable to biological recognition elements. Biosensors are classified into four classes based on the mode of signal transmission: electrochemical, optical, thermometric, piezoelectric, and magnetic. The most widely reported class of biosensors is amperometric devices.
In most cases, amperometric detection is based on an enzyme system that catalytically transforms analytes into products that may be oxidised or reduced at a working electrode while maintaining a particular potential. The inexpensive cost and usage of disposable electrodes are the key advantages of this transducer. These single-use electrodes' exceptional repeatability avoids the need for recurrent calibration. Interference from electroactive substances is one of the limitations of aerometric transducers. The availability of highquality fibres and optoelectronic components has been a crucial impetus for the development of optical biosensors in recent years.
The optical biosensor format may include direct detection of the analyte of interest or indirect detection via optically labelled probes, with the optical transducer detecting changes in absorbance, luminiscence, polarisation, or refractive index. The speed, immunity to electrical or magnetic interference, and possibility for larger information content are all positives of optical biosensors, but the primary disadvantage might be the expensive cost of some apparatus. The piezoelectric biosensor works by monitoring frequency variations that are proportional to changes in mass on the sensor surface.
The real-time binding response detection, which allows kinetic evaluation of affinity interactions, is one of the technique's key features, as is the inexpensive cost of the hardware required. The requirement for crystal calibration and the possibility of variability while covering the surface with antigen or antibody are also drawbacks of this transduction approach. Biosensors provide a number of benefits over traditional analytical methods.
Because of the selectivity of the biological sensing element, highly specific devices for real-time analysis of complicated mixtures may be developed without the requirement for substantial sample pre-treatment or huge sample quantities. Biosensors also offer analytical instruments that are very sensitive, quick, repeatable, and easy to use. Despite anticipation about biosensors' promise, their transition from the lab to the marketplace has been gradual. The presence of biomaterial in the biosensor, the development of the sensor device, and the integration of biosensors into entire systems have all been major roadblocks to commercialization. The cost aspect has also been a key stumbling block to actual mass manufacture of biosensors.
A biosensor system is made up of many components, including an automatic or manual sampling technique, a biosensor, a system for refilling or replacing the biosensor, and a data processing system for implementing a biological model that sends data to a human or automated controller. The creation of biosensor systems requires the combination of fluidics, electronics, separation technologies, and biological subsystems. The bio interface of the sensor sampling system is a critical component in the development of an integrated system [1-5].
There are numerous instances of biosensors successfully tested in a laboratory or at the prototype level in the literature, but few examples of integrated biosensor systems that allow autonomous monitoring in complicated matrices, even in research. Biosensors have a wide range of potential applications in agriculture and food processing, each with its own set of requirements in terms of the concentration of analyte to be measured, the output precision required, the sample volume required, the time required to complete the assay, the time required for the biosensor to be ready for use again, and the system's cleaning requirements. The size of the potential market may also influence the type of biosensor used, as some are easier to mass produce than others.
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