Short Note on Cardiac Surgery

Lina Marcela^*
*Correspondence: Lina Marcela, Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine, United Kingdom, Email:

Commentary

Heart surgery can be used to treat certain heart problems when other treatments have failed or are no longer available. Heart surgery may be considered a medical emergency in some cases. For example, surgery for a severe heart attack may require immediate attention. In some cases, heart surgery can be scheduled ahead of time. Some heart surgeries, such as heart bypass surgery for blocked arteries in the heart, are major operations. Other heart procedures, such as implanting a pacemaker, are more minor. Off-pump heart surgery is open-heart surgery on a beating heart that does not involve the use of a heart-lung bypass machine.

The surgeon uses a device to keep the heart steady. Off-pump heart surgery may be used by surgeons to perform Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts (CABG), but only in certain circumstances. Small incisions between the ribs are used in minimally invasive heart surgery. Cuts as small as 2 to 3 inches are possible. Through the cuts in the chest, the surgeon inserts tools. A heart-lung bypass machine may or may not be used in this type of heart surgery. Minimally invasive surgery includes robotic-assisted surgery. A computer is used by the surgeon to control tools on the arms of a robot. This enables the surgeon to be extremely precise when performing difficult operations. The most common type of heart surgery is coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), also known as coronary artery bypass, coronary bypass, or bypass surgery.

Every year, over 300,000 people in the United States have successful bypass surgery. A vein or artery from your leg, chest, or another part of your body is used to bypass a blocked or diseased portion of a coronary artery, which brings blood to the muscle of your heart. This creates a new, clear path for blood to flow, allowing oxygen to reach your heart muscle and allow it to function properly. This type of surgery is performed on the outer walls of the heart and does not require the opening of the heart chambers. Off-pump or "beating-heart" bypass surgery is also performed by Cedars-Sinai heart surgeons. A heart-lung machine is used in most bypass surgeries to do the work of the heart while the surgeon operates on it. This machine is not used in off-pump heart surgery. Surgeons can now stabilise a specific part of the heart rather than the entire heart muscle, thanks to new technologies.

The rest of the heart continues to function while the surgeon works on the controlled area of the organ. This method can be used to bypass any artery. The off-pump technique is used for patients who have complications that would put them at risk if bypass surgery was performed using the traditional heart-lung machine method. TMR, or trans myocardial laser revascularization, is a procedure used to treat angina. TMR is most commonly used when no other treatments are effective. For instance, if you've already had one CABG procedure and are unable to have another, TMR may be an option.

TMR is used in conjunction with CABG in some cases. If TMR is performed alone, it may be done through a small opening in the chest. During TMR, a surgeon uses lasers to create small channels through the heart muscle and into the lower left chamber of the heart (the left ventricle).It is unclear how TMR alleviates angina. The surgery may aid in the formation of new blood vessels in the heart. These vessels may allow oxygen rich blood to flow into the heart muscle, potentially alleviating angina [1-5].

References

1. Mehta, Ravindra L, John A Kellum and Sudhir V Shah et al. "Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury."  Crit Care 11 (2007): 1-8.

Google Scholar, Crossref

2. Mariscalco, Giovanni, Marzia Cottini and Carmelo Dominici et al. "The effect of timing of cardiac catheterization on acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery is influenced by the type of operation." Int J Cardiol 173 (2014): 46-54.

Google Scholar, Crossref

3. Dardashti, Alain, Per Ederoth and Lars Algotsson et al. "Incidence, dynamics, and prognostic value of acute kidney injury for death after cardiac surgery." J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 147 (2014): 800-807.

Google Scholar, Crossref

4. Vives, Marc, Duminda Wijeysundera and Nandor Marczin et al. "Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury."  Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 18 (2014): 637-645.

Google Scholar, Crossref

5. Hennessy, Sara A, Damien J LaPar and George J Stukenborg et al. "Cardiac catheterization within 24 hours of valve surgery is significantly associated with acute renal failure." J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 140 (2010): 1011-1017.

Google Scholar, Crossref