Temperature Difference between the Working Fluid and Heat Exchangers

Thomas Marck^*
*Correspondence: Thomas Marck, Department of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Netherlands, Email:

Description

The Process Industry Thermal Energy Management (PRO-TEM) Network was established with funding from the Research Council UK Energy Programme. The goal was to bring together academia, industry practitioners, policymakers, and other key stakeholders to address sustainable energy usage and disseminate research findings through increased involvement. SusTEM2011, PRO-second TEM's conference, was place in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, on the 24^th and 21^th of February 2011. The general scope of sustainable thermal energy management was covered in five conference keynote addresses, two of which are included in this special issue as fulllength articles, addressing important UK energy policy, industrial sustainability, and future technology and innovation. Furthermore, 39 oral presentations were given in three parallel sessions, covering a wide range of topics, 29 of which are included in this special issue and are listed below. The abundance of low-grade heat has prompted scientists to look into heat recovery and utilisation. Examine strategies to increase the performance of a variety of technologies, including adsorption and absorption heat pump cycles, organic and supercritical Rankine cycles, trilateral cycles, and sensible and latent thermal energy storage.

Multiple bed cycles, composite adsorbents, metallic or carbon-fibre beds, heat exchangers with reactants for adsorption cycles, and Marangoni surfactant additives for absorption cycles are just a few examples. The proper working fluid and expanders for organic, supercritical, and trilateral cycles, as well as adequate insulation and storage tank design for sensible energy storage and the insertion of heat pipes into phase change materials for latent energy storage, are all covered. Provides an overview of the UK's present primary energy production and consumption, briefly discussing clean coal, wind, and solar energy. Heat pumps and combined heat and power systems (CHP) are compared in this research, as well as the economics and performance of waste heat conversion systems. It claims that most readily available and mature technologies are not being deployed, and that a coordinated energy plan is urgently needed.

In a similar vein, Rankine cycles, thermoelectric units, and absorption refrigeration systems are all examples of this type of refrigeration. While heat exchange or direct reuse are the most cost-effective solutions, the adoption of other low-grade heat recovery technologies can be encouraged by government support and the marketing of successful applications, according to the report. The temperature profile of heat exchangers, the temperature differential between the working fluid and heat exchangers, and the ability of heat exchangers to regularly store and release heat are all explored. In all cases analysed, a discontinuous frequency of oscillation is recorded, providing a new field for future research. Low-grade heat recovery technologies have the ability to satisfy both environmental and economic goals if they are properly customised, according to the study. Analyse the technical and economic performance of two approaches for thermal desalination processes: directly employing low-grade heat via humidificationdehumidification (HD) and upgrading low-grade heat with a hybrid absorption heat pump (HAHP). In comparison to the traditional reverse osmosis method, both systems are more efficient. Present an exergy analysis of a multi-stage flash desalination plant that recovers waste heat from hot distillate water during operation, concluding that this can increase exergy efficiency by up to 14%.

Took into account the heating profile as well as steel pricing fluctuations over time. Described a system that can transport low grade heat from a heat source as low as 80°C across 50 km with a payback period of less than 10 years utilising a water–ammonia based adsorption system. That decentralising CHP has the potential to meet a high energy demand by integrating heat sources and heat sinks into a single thermal network, arguing that a more favourable government policy is required to take advantage of the opportunities to expand existing networks based on the Barnsley heating system and Sheffield's district energy network. Provide a good insight into the current status and future development of a number of technologies utilised for domestic refrigeration, power generation, and energy storage based on the keynote speech delivered during SusTEM2011. Solar cooling, renewable-energy heat pumps, smart building and distributed energy network systems, and electrical and thermal energy storage alternatives are all identified and recommended for future use. Provide a brief overview of the current condition of the refrigeration business in China, stating that improved energy efficiency requires new standards and creative multi-functional products that use a variety of energy sources [1-5].

Acknowledgement

We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticisms of the manuscript. The support from ROMA (Research Optimization and recovery in the Manufacturing industry), of the Research Council of Norway is highly appreciated by the authors.

Conflict of Interest

The Author declares there is no conflict of interest associated with this manuscript.

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