Mini Review - (2023) Volume 7, Issue 2
Received: 01-Apr-2023, Manuscript No. jchd-23-101554;
Editor assigned: 03-Apr-2023, Pre QC No. P-101554;
Reviewed: 15-Apr-2023, QC No. Q-101554;
Revised: 21-Apr-2023, Manuscript No. R-101554;
Published:
29-Apr-2023
, DOI: 10.37421/2684-6020.2023.7.167
Citation: Bajaj, Anurag. “The Impact of Dietary Patterns on
Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Asian Populations.” J Coron Heart Dis 7
(2023): 167.
Copyright: © 2023 Bajaj A. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including Asian populations. Diet plays a crucial role in the development and prevention of CHD. This research article aims to explore the impact of dietary patterns on CHD risk in Asian populations. We conducted a comprehensive review of existing literature and identified key studies examining the association between dietary patterns and CHD risk in Asian populations. Our findings indicate that certain dietary patterns, such as the traditional Asian diet, Mediterranean diet, and DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, have been associated with a reduced risk of CHD. However, the Westernized diet and certain unhealthy dietary patterns prevalent in Asian countries have shown a positive association with increased CHD risk. Moreover, specific components of the Asian diet, such as rice, soy, fish, vegetables, fruits, and tea, have been linked to a decreased risk of CHD.
Coronary heart disease • Dietary patterns • Asian populations
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a significant health concern globally, and Asian populations are not exempt from its impact. The prevalence of CHD in Asia has been increasing due to changing lifestyle factors, including dietary patterns. Diet plays a crucial role in the development and prevention of CHD, making it essential to investigate the association between dietary patterns and CHD risk in Asian populations. Understanding the impact of different dietary patterns on CHD risk can provide valuable insights for public health interventions and the development of culturally tailored dietary guidelines. This research article aims to review the existing literature and examine the influence of dietary patterns on CHD risk in Asian populations, considering both protective and detrimental dietary factors [1-3]. The findings from this study will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between diet and CHD risk in Asian populations and inform strategies for CHD prevention and management.
Traditional Asian diet and CHD risk
The traditional Asian diet is characterized by high consumption of rice, soy, fish, vegetables, fruits, and tea. This dietary pattern has been associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Asian populations. Several components of the traditional Asian diet have been identified as potential protective factors against CHD. For instance, the consumption of fish, particularly fatty fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, has been linked to a lower risk of CHD. Omega-3 fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects, which may help prevent the development of atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Additionally, soy-based products, such as tofu and soy milk, are commonly consumed in Asian diets. Soy contains isoflavones, which have been associated with improved lipid profiles, including lower levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol [4,5]. These effects may contribute to a decreased risk of CHD. Mediterranean Diet and CHD Risk in Asian PopulationsThe Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, fish, and olive oil, has been extensively studied in relation to CHD risk. This section examines the evidence regarding the benefits of the Mediterranean diet in Asian populations.
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is a dietary pattern that emphasizes the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products, while reducing the intake of sodium, saturated fats, and sweets. The DASH diet has been extensively studied for its beneficial effects on blood pressure control and overall cardiovascular health. In the context of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in Asian populations, studies have shown that adherence to the DASH diet is associated with a reduced risk of CHD. The DASH diet's emphasis on fruits and vegetables provides a rich source of dietary fiber, antioxidants, and various vitamins and minerals. These components have been linked to improved cardiovascular health by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, which are key factors in the development and progression of CHD.
The adoption of Western dietary patterns in Asian countries has increased in recent years, leading to concerns about its impact on CHD risk. This section discusses the association between the Westernized diet and CHD risk in Asian populations. The research on dietary patterns and CHD risk in Asian populations has some limitations, including the reliance on self-reported dietary assessments, heterogeneity among study populations, and limited long-term follow-up. Future research should focus on large-scale prospective studies, randomized controlled trials, and molecular studies to better understand the relationship between dietary patterns and CHD risk in Asian populations.
The relationship between dietary patterns and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) risk in Asian populations is mediated by various underlying mechanisms. These mechanisms involve the influence of dietary patterns on several physiological processes and risk factors associated with CHD.
Lipid profile: Dietary patterns can impact lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Healthy dietary patterns, such as the traditional Asian diet, Mediterranean diet, and DASH diet, are associated with favorable lipid profiles, characterized by lower levels of total and LDL cholesterol and higher levels of HDL cholesterol.
Inflammation: Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis, a major contributor to CHD. Dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and antioxidants have anti-inflammatory effects and help reduce markers of inflammation, such as C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Oxidative stress: Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense, contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Healthy dietary patterns, particularly those rich in fruits, vegetables, and tea, provide antioxidants that scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress [6].
Insulin sensitivity: Insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism are risk factors for CHD. Certain dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean and DASH diets, promote better insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, which can help reduce the risk of CHD.
Blood pressure: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for CHD. Dietary patterns that emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low sodium intake, such as the DASH diet, have been shown to effectively lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of CHD.
Body weight and obesity: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of CHD. Dietary patterns that promote weight management, such as those high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low in saturated fats and refined carbohydrates, can help maintain a healthy body weight and reduce the risk of CHD.
Given the significant impact of dietary patterns on CHD risk in Asian populations, this section emphasizes the importance of public health interventions and policy measures to promote healthy dietary choices. Culturally tailored dietary guidelines, educational campaigns, and interventions targeting high-risk groups are recommended to reduce CHD burden.
This research article highlights the impact of dietary patterns on CHD risk in Asian populations. The traditional Asian diet, Mediterranean diet, and DASH diet have shown protective effects against CHD, while the Westernized diet and unhealthy dietary patterns have been associated with increased risk. Public health interventions and policies promoting healthy dietary choices are crucial for CHD prevention in Asian populations. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations and develop culturally tailored strategies for CHD risk reduction.
None.
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Journal of Coronary Heart Diseases received 15 citations as per Google Scholar report
