Commentary - (2024) Volume 8, Issue 4
Thyroid Cancer: Current Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis
Sorina Alexandru*
*Correspondence:
Sorina Alexandru, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest,
Romania,
Email:
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Romania
, Manuscript No. rtr-25-160645;
, Pre QC No. P-160645;
, QC No. Q-160645;
, Manuscript No. R-160645;
Published:
30-Nov-2024
, DOI: 10.37421/2684-4273.2024.8.93
Citation: Alexandru, Sorina. “ Thyroid Cancer: Current Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis.” Rep Thyroid Res 8 (2024): 93.
Copyright: © 2024 Alexandru S. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Introduction
The thyroid gland is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary- axis, a
complex neuroendocrine system that controls thyroid hormone production.
In hyperthyroidism, there is dysregulation of the HPT axis, leading to excess
thyroid hormone production. Additionally, hyperthyroidism can impact other
neuroendocrine systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, which can contribute to
the symptoms observed in hyperthyroid patients. The gut microbiota plays
a crucial role in regulating the HPT axis and other neuroendocrine systems.
Dysbiosis, or imbalance, of the gut microbiota has been observed in patients
with hyperthyroidism and may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Probiotic
microbial strains, which are live microorganisms that confer health benefits
to the host when administered in adequate amounts, have emerged as a
potential adjunctive therapy for hyperthyroidism. Probiotics have been shown
to modulate gut microbiota composition and function, improve gut barrier
function, and reduce systemic inflammation, all of which may benefit patients
with hyperthyroidism [1].
Description
As expected, thyroxine administration significantly elevates serum T4
and T3 levels, leading to suppressed TSH and TRH levels due to negative
feedback on the HPT axis. Hyperthyroid mice exhibit increased corticosterone
levels, indicating heightened stress response. Behavioral assessments reveal
increased anxiety-like behaviors, cognitive impairments, and hyperactivity,
consistent with CNS effects of hyperthyroidism. This study demonstrates that
probiotic microbial strains can positively impact neuro-hormonal dynamics in
a murine model of hyperthyroidism. By modulating the HPT axis, reducing
stress response, and normalizing neurotransmitter levels, probiotics offer a
promising adjunct therapy for managing the complex neuro-hormonal effects
of hyperthyroidism. Further research is warranted to translate these findings
into clinical practice, potentially improving the quality of life for patients with
hyperthyroidism [2].
Conclusion
Hyperthyroidism is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by
dysregulation of the HPT axis and other neuroendocrine systems. Probiotic
microbial strains have emerged as a potential adjunctive therapy for
hyperthyroidism due to their ability to modulate gut microbiota composition and
function. Studies in murine models have shown promising results, but further
research is needed to determine the optimal probiotic strains, dosages, and
treatment durations for hyperthyroid patients. Additionally, clinical trials are
References
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- Thursby, Elizabeth and Nathalie Juge. "Introduction to the human gut microbiota." Biochem J 474 (2017): 1823-1836.
- Valdes, Ana M., Jens Walter, Eran Segal and Tim D. Spector. "Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health." Bmj 361 (2018).
