Traumatic Brain Injury: Signs and Symptoms

Rajzan Joanroy^*
*Correspondence: Dr. Rajzan Joanroy, Department of Orthopedics Surgery and Traumatology, Mount Sinai Hospital, California, USA, Email:

Description

Traumatic Brain Injury is a physical, external and sudden injury that temporarily or permanently disrupts normal brain function and it is one of the main causes of many deaths in adults. Traumatic brain injury is a long term issue that describes a vast array of injuries that happens to the brain. TBI occurs when an object like a bullet, violence, sports injuries, explosive blasts or road accidents damage brain tissues. Traumatic brain injuries are categorized into two types, open head injury or a Penetrating brain injury in which the skull was fractured or the membranes surrounding the brain have been fractured. These kinds of injuries are very serious they often require surgery to replace pieces of the fractured skull. Closed head injury does not break the skull but are typically caused by blows to the head. To reduce the severity of brain damage both the injuries require expert treatment. Depending upon the severity, traumatic brain injury is classified into three types, mild, moderate and severity. Moderate and severe injuries require hospital care and surgery; they may be result in long-lasting or permanent disabilities. Severe symptoms includes, cannot recognize people or places, increases confusion, agitation or restlessness, unusual behavior and loss of consciousness. Moderate symptoms include, severe headache, dizziness, fatigue, anxious or nervous and sleep problems. All these symptoms can be seen in children but they may not notice any changes in behavior. Treatment may vary widely by patient depending on the severity of the injury and often fastest improvement happens in the first six months after the injury. During this time, person with the injury will more likely try to remember the things and identify the people or place also improvement varies from person to person. Brain health is supported by health behaviors such as exercises, avoiding alcohol and any other drugs.

Traumatic brain injury can cause bleeding inside the brain, bruising of the brain, bleeding between the brain and coverings of the brain. Even though if bleeding occurs outside the brain it will have an impact to the brain tissue by compressing the brain and disrupting normal brain function and it can cause mild to severe swelling of the brain. Chemical changes in the brain may influence the brain cells function may occur after the traumatic brain injury. Surgery may be an option for the people with drug-resistance after the traumatic epilepsy. Diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury is the full extent of the problem and may not be completely understood after the injury, but may be understood with medical evaluation and diagnostic tests. Brain injury may cause neurological problems and may require medical follow-up like blood tests, X-rays, MRI and CT scans and electron-encephalogram. Some specific traumatic brain injury treatment may be based on, age, overall health and medical history, extent and type of the injury and tolerance of the patient for specific medication, procedure and therapies. Since, the brain is completely covered with skull there will be only a small amount of room for it to swell, this may leads to pressure inside the skull which may further leads to brain damage and memory loss of a patient.