Nyoman Kertia, Ahmad Husain Asdie, Wasilah Rochmah and Marsetyawan
Accepted Abstracts: Altern Integ Med
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) causes a great burden. Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common drug given worldwide. This type of drug can only reduce inflammation and pain, but cannot inhibit the natural history of OA. Curcuminoid is a secondary metabolite found in Curcuma domestica and Curcuma xantorrhyza , the type of curcuma that people commonly use as spices and a component of herbal medicine. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of curcumin is through three pathways: suppresses cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzyme activity, suppresses lipo-oxygenase enzyme activity and play a role as free radical scavenger. Monocytes play a significant role in initiating the inflammatory process and antigen elimination. Two important mediators produced by monocytes are COX-2 enzyme and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). Aim: To learn the anti-inflammatory activities and safety of Curcuminoid from Curcuma domestical Val. rhyzome extract compared to diclofenac sodium for osteoarthritis treatment. Method: The design of this study was prospective randomized open end blinded evaluation (PROBE), including 80 patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis (39 patients got 30 mg three times daily of curcuminoid from Curcuma domestica Val. extract for 28 days and 41 patients got 25 mg three times daily of diclofenac sodium for 28 days). The severity of pain was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS). Synovial fluid analysis was done to compare the anti-inflammatory potency between the two drugs. Adverse events during the study were also noted. Results: Changes of variables before and after administration of curcuminoid were: COX-2 secretion by synovial fluid monocytes 1.84.0.37 vs. 1.15.0.28 respectively (p<0.001), ROI secretion by synovial fluid monocytes 2.23.0.22 vs. 0.76.0.30 respectively (p<0.001), synovial fluid leucocyte count 1373.53.597.15/mm 3 vs. 1199.27.604.23/mm 3 respectively (p<0.001), synovial fluid MDA level 1.26.1.13 u.mol/ml vs. 0.63.0.46 u.mol/ml respectively (p<0.001), VAS score 54.62.25.25 mm vs. 20.85.19.57 mm respectively (p<0001). Changes of variables before and after administration of diclofenac sodium were: COX-2 secretion by synovial fluid monocytes 1.79.0.38 vs. 1.12.0.27 respectively (p<0.001), ROI secretion by synovial fluid monocytes 2.21.0.20 vs. 0.75.0.32 respectively (p<0.001), synovial fluid leucocyte count 1257.69.628.36/mm3 vs. 1093.59.633.88/mm 3 respectively (p<0.001), synovial fluid MDA level 1.01.0.93 u.mol/ml vs. 0.57.0.14 u.mol/ml respectively (p<0.001), VAS score 51.39.24.26 mm vs. 21.85.16.83 mm respectively (p<0001). The reduction of COX-2 secretion by synovial fluid monocytes in curcuminoid and diclofenac treatments were 0.70.0.51 and 0.67.0.45 respectively (p=0.89). The reduction of ROI secretion by synovial fluid monocytes in curcuminoid and diclofenac treatments were 1.48.0.44 and 1.46.0.42 respectively (p=0.92). The reduction of synovial fluid leucocytes count in curcuminoid and diclofenac treatments were 174.27.78.93 and 164.10.50.91 respectively (p=0.52). The reduction of synovial fluid MDA level in curcuminoid and diclofenac treatments were 0.63.0.43 and 0.44.0.87 respectively (p=0.29). The reduction of VAS score in curcuminoid and diclofenac treatments were 33.76.21.73 and 29.54.21.57 respectively (p=0.23). Number needed to treat for COX-2 secretion was 9, for ROI secretion was 9, for the reduction of synovial fluid leucocyte count was 143, for the reduction of synovial fluid MDA level was 72 and for the reduction of VAS score was 17. There was no significant difference of adverse events during the study in both groups, either head, chest, gastrointestinal tract or urinary tract complaints. Number needed to harm for headache was 500, for palpitation was 42, for dyspneu was 42, for nausea was 21, for diarrhea was 42, and for urinary complain was 500. Conclusion: Administration of 30 mg three times daily of curcuminoid from Curcuma domestica Val. extract significantly reduced the secretion of COX-2 and ROI by synovial fluid monocytes, leucocyte count, MDA level and joint pain score, while no significant difference compared to 25 mg three times daily of diclofenac sodium treatment. There was no significant difference in adverse events during the study in both groups, either on head, chest, gastrointestinal tract or urinary tract complaints.
Nyoman Kertia, is currently working as Professor of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. He is a member of various associations including-Indonesian Rheumatology Association, Indonesian Internal Medicine Association, International Association for the study of pain. He is Editor/Reviewer of various national and international journals.
Alternative & Integrative Medicine received 476 citations as per Google Scholar report
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