Mechanism of adverse drug reactions

Joint Event on 12^th International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmacovigilance & Drug Safety & 22^nd International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmaceutical Formulations & 21^st Euro-Global Summit on Toxicology

July 04-06, 2019 Valencia, Spain

Sheela Ankolekar

Norgine, UK

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: J Formul Sci Bioavailab

Abstract :

There are multiple ways in which drugs cause adverse drug reactions (ADR). Most of the ADRs can be predictable depending on the pharmacological profile of the drug and some are unpredictable and depend on other characteristics like patient age, sex, nutrition and genetic factors. The most common mechanism for an ADR is the augmented pharmacological action, which is the known, inherent pharmacologic effect of the drug and is dose related; example insulin given for diabetes may cause hypoglycemia. A different mechanism of ADR is drug interaction which is a reaction between two or more drugs or between a drug and a food, beverage, or supplement. When two drugs are used together, their effects can be additive, synergistic or antagonistic. Photosensitivity is another mechanism of ADR which could be either phototoxic or photoallergic. Additionally, selected drugs cause drug dependence which could be psychological or physical. Some drugs cause intolerance which is a characteristic pharmacologic effect produced by an unusually small dose, so that the usual dose tends to induce a massive overaction. Another mechanism is teratogenicity. A teratogen acts by different mechanisms like folate antagonism, neural crest cell disruption, endocrine disruption, oxidative stress, vascular disruption, specific receptor or enzyme mediated teratogenesis. Example: Thalidomide has antiangiogenic actions which has been proposed to play a role in thalidomide teratogenesis. Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are other mechanisms of ADRs. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the most common primary target for chemical carcinogen and for a single DNA polymerase, DNA damage can affect replication in different ways. Finally, idiosyncratic reaction and drug hypersensitivity are largely unpredictable ADRs. Affected people may have genetic differences in the way their body metabolizes or responds to drugs and this can occur even with smaller doses. Knowledge of the mechanism of ADRs can help to prevent or reduce these reactions.

Recent Publications

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5. Vargesson N. Thalidomide Embryopathy: An Enigmatic Challenge. ISRN Developmental Biology. 2013, Article ID 241016: 18.

Biography :

Sheela Ankolekar is a registered physician with post-graduate degree in Medical Microbiology. She has over ten years of combined experience in Healthcare and Pharmaceutical industry with more than 6 years’ experience as a pharmacovigilance physician. She currently works at Norgine as a Global Drug Safety Physician providing medical support for surveillance activities such as signal detection, periodic safety update reports and risk management plans. She has held several other positions in drug safety departments and her previous role was at Novo Nordisk as a Safety Operations Advisor. Working towards the safety of the patient is what motivated her to be a pharmacovigilance physician.