Mechanisms and assessment of toxic effects via luminescent bio-monitoring

5^th International Conference on Environmental Toxicology and Ecological Risk Assessment

September 12-13, 2016 Phoenix, USA

N S Kudryasheva

Siberian Federal University, Russia

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: J Environ Anal Toxicol

Abstract :

Marine luminous bacteria are widely used as bioassays for monitoring environmental toxicity due to high sensitivity to toxic compounds. Main testing parameter here is bioluminescent intensity. Bioluminescent assays can be based on bacterial cells or their enzyme reactions, providing study of effects on cellular or molecular levels. The assays are convenient tools for studying interrelations between biological and chemical analyses, due to broad experience in effects of exogenous compounds. The effects can be multiple, changing rates of intracellular physicochemical, chemical and/or biochemical processes. Effects of exogenous compounds were classified basing on multiple investigations of influence of model toxic compounds (groups of organic dyes, oxidizers, halogensubstituted molecules, metal salts, stable and radioactive). A series of spectroscopic (Vis and IR), kinetic, microbiological, biochemical, microscopic, genetics, and radiometric methods were applied. Several toxicity mechanisms are discussed: (1) change of rates of enzymatic redox reactions under exposure to oxidizers; (2) binding of hydrophobic and/or halogen-substituted compounds with enzymes and decrease of enzymatic activity; (3) non-specific effects of metal cations as electron acceptors; (4) ionization of aquatic media and reactive oxygen species formation under low-dose radioactive exposure, resulting in change of cellular cross-membrane processes; (5) changes in content of intracellular low-molecular components and crystallinity of intracellular proteins; (6) genetic mutations; (7) enhancement of mucous layers on the cell surface as a response to unfavorable impact of toxicants in the presence of detoxifying agents. All the effects listed are integrated (by a non-additive way) in change of bioluminescent intensity as a physiological function.

Biography :

Email: n_qdr@yahoo.com