Role of cellular senescence in the mechanism of the reverse association between cancer and cognitive impairment type Alzheimer

Neurology 2020 & Cognitive Neuroscience 2020

February 24-25, 2020

Gianella Alejandra Liabeuf Altamirano, San Martin C and Behrens MI

University of Chile

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: J Neurol Disord 2020

Abstract :

Cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are prevalent diseases associated with aging. Epidemiological studies have evidenced an inverse association between both, proposing a common biological mechanism deregulated in opposite directions. In both age-related pathologies, senescent cells have been identified. Measurement of senescence markers could help to understand the underlying common biological process and mutual protection between cancer and AD. The objective was to study cellular senescence and senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in lymphocytes of four groups of patients: (1) with mild cognitive impairment Alzheimer type (MCI type Alzheimer), (2) with history of cancer without cognitive impairment, (3) patients with both diagnoses and (4) healthy controls, of both sexes and comparable ages. Senescence was measured by β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity by flow cytometry and the presence of p16 INK4A by western blot. β-gal at basal level showed greater activity in the group MCI type Alzheimer group compared to the others, although it did not reach significance. However, upon exposure to a senescence stimulus H2O2 10 μM, the MCI type Alzheimer group showed significant increase in β-gal activity (p = 0,0307) compared with the value without stimulus (p = 0,2385). The presence of p16 INK4A showed no difference between groups. Expression levels of SASP- markers (IL-6, IL-8) were determined by qPCR. The MCI type Alzheimer + Cancer group showed greater expression of IL-6 and IL-8 compared with Control group (p=0,0175; p= 0,0259 respectively). Increase in IL-6 and IL-8 in the MCI type Alzheimer + Cancer suggests that presence of both pathologies represents a situation of inflammation that might be explained by a high level of cognitive deterioration present in this group. Our results support the hypothesis of lymphocyte susceptibility to cell death as a biomarker and that alterations occurring in AD do not necessarily have their origin at central nervous system level.

Biography :

Gianella Alejandra Liabeuf Altamirano is Nutritionist University of Valparaíso, Master in Aging and Quality of Life, INTA, University of Chile. Actually, Doctoral student in Nutrition and Food, University of Chile. Professional characterized by having solid knowledge in Nutrition Sciences, Management and Health Care and Nutrition. Constant motivation for knowledge and development in new work areas. He formed a research team as a thesis in project FONDECYT nº 1151297 by Dr. Maria Isabel Behrens: “Cellular Senescence and Senescence Associated Secretion Phenotype Involvement in the Inverse Association between Alzheimer Disease and Cancer”. Currently performing research activities in the Laboratory of Digestive Physiology in the Department of Nutrition of the University of Chile with Dr. Martin Gotteland in the study of the intestinal microbiota and the intestinal intestine axis and Alzheimer's disease.