The concept of antitumor immunotherapy

40^th World Cancer Conference

August 25-26, 2021 WEBINAR

Pechersky A.V, Pechersky V.I., Pecherskaya O.V. and Semiglazov V.F

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia.
National Medical Research Center of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov, St. Petersburg, Russia

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: J Cancer Sci Ther

Abstract :

The insufficiency of antitumor nonspecific innate immunity is due to the low immunogenicity of tissuespecific tumor antigens. In contrast to living tumor cells in dead tumor cells and tumor cells infected with intracellular infections (viruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other intracellular pathogens), tissuespecific antigens, on the contrary, become available for recognition by innate immunity, and their peptide copies of class I MHC complexes become available for recognition by acquired immunity. Accordingly, during antitumor immunotherapy, an increase in the immunogenicity of tumor antigens can be achieved through the topical use of adjuvants (enodovascular / intra-arterial administration of tropic viruses that change the antigenic composition of tumor cells, as well as group B streptococcal antigens similar to tissue-specific antigens of the cell wall and cytoskeleton of tumor cells, and other factors). Having received antigenic information from antigen-presenting cells, T helper cells-1 (Th-1) will form tissue-specific receptors (TCR) for peptide copies of altered antigens of MHC class I complexes of tumor cells infected with viruses in cytotoxic T cells. The use of tropic viruses (adenoviruses, influenza viruses and others) makes it possible to overcome the immunological tolerance to tumor cells for the formation of both innate and acquired immunity to their antigens. To ensure a local effect, tropic viruses must be injected into the tumor enodovascularly / intraarterially or infiltratively, the gene responsible for their replication must be removed from the viruses, the number of viruses injected into the tumor tissue should be minimal-sufficient (since an increase in the antigenic load leads to blocking of innate and acquired immunity when a large number of tumor cells die). Tropic viruses should not be used for oncolytic purposes, but to increase the immunogenicity of altered tissue-specific antigens of tumor cells and the formation of a specific cellular immune response to their peptide copies. Due to the fact that with the progression of the tumor, as well as with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, the genotype and antigenic composition of tumor cells changes, repeated courses of immunotherapy with new viruses may be required. Accordingly, it is necessary to have 5-7 viruses with the above properties. Local antitumor immunotherapy using tropic viruses can significantly increase the effectiveness of treatment of cancer patients.
Recent Publications:
1. Pechersky AV, Pechersky VI, Smolyaninov AB, Vilyaninov VN, Adylov ShF, Shmelev AYu, Pecherskaya OV, Semiglazov VF. Regeneration and Carcinogenesis. Journal of Stem Cells 2015; 10(4): 255-270.
2. Pechersky AV, Pechersky VI, Aseev MV, Droblenkov AV, Semiglazov VF. Immune system and regeneration. Journal of Stem Cells 2016; 11 (2): 69-87.
3. Pechersky AV, Pechersky VI, Vilyaninov VN, Pecherskaya OV, Semiglazov VF. Regeneration’s role in the development of desensitization and immunological tolerance. Journal of Stem Cells 2019; 14(2): 75-102 (submitted July 19, 2019).
4. Pechersky AV, Pechersky VI, Pecherskaya OV, Semiglazov VF. Features of the Immune Response to One’s Own Antigens and Foreign Antigens. Journal of Stem Cells 2020; 14(4): 187-202.

Biography :

Pechersky, Alexander, MD, PhD, Associate Professor; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia. Achievements include the original articles devoted to the influence of partial androgen dеficiency among aging men (PADAM) on the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer and metabolic syndrome, diagnostics and treatment of partial androgen deficiency of aging men, regeneration, immune system, carcinogenesis, cicatrization, desensitization, immunological tolerance and antitumor immunotherapy.