Traumatic brain injury

4^th Annual Congress and Medicare Expo on Trauma & Critical Care

February 22-23, 2018 | Paris, France

Gibril Ceesay

Serrekunda Health Center, Gambia

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: J Trauma Treat

Abstract :

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a head injury that may have many different causes, including a blow or jolt to the head, penetration of the skull by a bullet or other foreign object, fast acceleration or deceleration of the head, or exposure to a blast resulting in a disrupted functioning of the brain. Primary brain injury occurs at the time of injury and results from the physical stress (force) within the tissue caused by open or closed trauma and requires emergency treatment to prevent secondary injuries. Secondary injury to brain injury includes any processes that occur after the initial injury and worsen or negatively influence patient outcomes. The damage occurs primarily because the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain is interrupted due to hypotension, hypoxia, ischemia and cerebral edema. According to research, there are millions of people living with a disability as a result of a TBI around the world. Regardless of the severity of brain damage, injuries have both short and long-term effects on health, ranging from symptoms that have a minimal interference on lifestyle, through to emotional, physical and psychosocial changes that may affect daily activities. In addition to the burden to the individual, brain injuries also have an annual economic burden on society, due to both direct and indirect costs, such as loss of productivity. The age of the individual is a factor in brain injury; for example, more than one-third of brain injuries are due to people falling, which is the leading cause of TBI among the elderly, whereas transportation-related brain injuries are the leading cause for individuals aged 15 to 30. Studies have shown that the decreased in mortality rate and improved outcome for patients with severe traumatic brain injury can be attributed to the approach of â�?�?squeezing oxygenated blood through a swollen brainâ�?. According to research adequate cerebral perfusion by monitoring of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral hypo-perfusion decrease secondary injury. Before the individual with brain injury reaches a hospital, a structured trauma system that allows rapid resuscitation and transport directly to an experienced trauma center significantly lowers mortality and morbidity. Additionally, in order to achieve further improvements in outcome for patients with traumatic brain injuries, sufficient training and education of medical personnel and the institution of trauma hospital systems should be implemented.

Biography :

Gibril Ceesay is a student and Nurse at the Serrekunda Health Center, Banjul, Gambia. He started his professional nursing career after graduating from The Gambia University at the end of 2016.