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Pages: 9 - 9Shi-Jun Xu
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the primary arena where tumor cells and the host immune system interact. Bidirectional communication between tumor cells and the associated stromal cell types within the TME influences disease initiation and progression, as well as tumor immunity. There are multiple types of stromal cells and among them, macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells are the most prevalent. They not only are key players in innate immunity which serves as the first barrier against pathogen infection and as the bridge to connect adaptive immunity, but also play important roles in tumor immunity. Besides, epithelial cells, such as hepatocytes in liver, perform robust innate immune response against pathogen infection and tumor initiation. More importantly, these cells display either pro- or anti-tumor properties, depending on the expression of key regulators. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as such regulators. They affect not only immune cells but also epithelial cells whose functions closely related to pathogen infection, tumor initiation and tumor evasion of the immune system. In this review we will discuss the role of miRNAs in tumor immunity, focusing particularly on innate immunity related cells such as macrophages, NK cells and hepatocytes.
Biography:
Shi-Jun Xu has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years from Sun Yat-sen University. She is the key member of Cancer Research Group in Radiology Department, National First-level Disciplines in Henan Cancer Hospital. She has published 3 papers in reputed journals
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Zhan-Qiang Jin The study developed a modified TI-RADS score using gray-scale ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and shear-wave elastography (SWE) images to predict malignancy of thyroid nodules and compared this modified score system with the subjective scoring criteria based on ACR TI-RADS (2017 edition). By using SWE and CEUS (enhanced pattern) to downgrade TI-RADS category 4 and 5 nodules, the malignancy rate for TI-RADS category 4 and 5 nodules increased from 47.6% with ACR TI-RADS assessment alone to 49.4% with ACR TI-RADS combined SWE and CEUS (enhanced pattern). Likewise, by using the modified TI-RADS to adjust TI-RADS category 3 nodules, the malignancy rate for TI-RADS category 3 nodules increased from 13.9% to 20.0%. Interestingly, applying the modified TI-RADS to adjust TI-RADS category 4 or 5 nodules, the malignancy rate for TI-RADS category 4 or 5 nodules decreased from 31.0% or 75.4% with ACR TI-RADS assessment alone to 27.8% or 72.9% with ACR TI-RADS combined SWE and CEUS (enhanced pattern). The discriminating power for detection of malignancy of the variable score 2, with an AUC of 0.899 (95% CI, 86.1%-93.6%), was higher than that of score 1, with an AUC of 0.862 (95% CI, 81.9%-90.6%; P > 0.05). With a point 4.5 as the optimal cutoff value, a score of 1 (ACR TI-RADS) predicted malignancy with an accuracy of 75.6%, sensitivity of 85.0%, and specificity of 71.6%. However, with a point 5.5 as the optimal cutoff value, a score of 2 (ACR TI-RADS + SWV + CEUS) predicted malignancy with an accuracy of 84.9%, sensitivity of 81.0%, and specificity of 86.6%. The modified TI-RADS based on ACR TI-RADS + SWE + CEUS (enhanced pattern) could contribute to reducing the number of biopsies performed on benign nodules and to implementing consistent follow-up in clinical practice. Biography: Jin has completed his MD at the age of 35 years from Capital Medical University. He is the director of Ultrasound Department of Guilin Medical University. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member Value Added Abstracts
Zheng Wu Multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) can influence the actions of each other positively or negatively, termed as PTM crosstalk or PTM code. Increasing evidence demonstrates that deregulation of PTMs crosstalk is involved in the genesis and development of various diseases, among which cancer appears to be the most widely studied. In the review, we focused on the crucial roles of PTMs crosstalk in neoplastic diseases and demonstrate their functions by different types of modifications pairs, including the combinations of phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation and O-GlcNAcylation. For each type of combination, PTMs crosstalk was discussed by positive or negative relashionships, as well as within one protein (intra-protein) or across different proteins (inter-protein). No matter in intra-protein or inter-protein crosstalk, the modifications may influence cancer progress through activation or degradation of the substrates, thereby regulating the pathological development, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy of cancer diseases. PTMs crosstalk has been reported in various proteins associated with cancer diseases, such as oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, enzymes and transcription factors. Depending on the modified targets and associated residues in signaling pathways, crosstalk between different proteins could provide abundant promising targets for drug therapy and rehabilitation, as well as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and prognosis and to implementing consistent follow-up in clinical practice. Biography: Zheng Wu has completed her MD at the age of 27 years from Peking University Health Science Center. She has been serving as a lecturer in School of Kinesiology and Health in Capital University of Physical Education and Sports since 2017. She has published 3 papers in SCI journals as the first author Value Added Abstracts
Mazarieb Mai Abstract Introduction: Forty percent of CRC patients will fail, mostly within first two years following primary resection. Early detection of recurrent disease has been reported to improve their survival. The use of PET/CT during the follow-up process is equivocally superior to contrast enhanced CT. This study is a comparison of CT vs. PET/CT. Methods: Medical records of all patients who had R0 radical colorectal surgery for Stage 1-3 disease between 1.2000 and 1.2016 were retrospectively reviewed. All patient who experienced recurrence and had both abdominal and/or chest CT scans followed by PET/CT within 60 days, were included in the study. A radiologist reviewed all images for disease recurrence. Findings consistent with recurrent disease were compared between the two modalities. Results: Of 35 CT images 14 identified lung nodules; 10 of these 14 were confirmed malignant by FDG uptake. .9 CT images identified liver lesions, all were called “cystic”; PET/CT identified 10 liver cases; 6 of these 10 cases were called disease recurrence to the liver. One case was not demonstrated by CT while PET/CT did identify a disease recurrence in the liver. CT and PET/ CT both identified 7 peritoneal cases, but only 3 cases; were FDG avid (see table). PET/CT identified all anastomotic recurrences (N=4), these were noted only 3 times on CT. Conclusions: A notable proportion of patients with negative findings on routine CT performed presented with a positive PET/CT. PET/CT should be employed in the follow-up protocol and replaced the CT. Biography: Mai Mazarieb is a MD at Department of General Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Zarzir, Israel. Her study focused on entitled post-surgical Colorectal Cancer (CRC) surveillance: PET/CT versus CT. Her research interest focus on cancer, surgery Value Added Abstracts
Mingzhu Yin Efficient and controlled delivery of nucleic acids by viral and synthetic carriers with low toxicity is one of the most important challenges facing the gene therapy. Non-viral vectors are perfect candidates for this goal because the use of viral vectors has a high risk of inducing unwanted immune responses. For medical applications, a use of nanostructured polymers every year brings more and more possibilities. The creation of new polymers and the study of their biocompatibility is very important to find better and safer vectors for gene therapy. In this work we compared conventional transfection and deposition transfection performed with the use of cationic star polymer. Obtained polyplexes were tested for cytotoxicity and luciferase activity using HT-1080 cells as a model. One of the solutions to increase transfection efficiency seems to be the deposition of the nucleic acid itself or its polyplex on solid support. The support used for the purpose is functioning as a substrate supporting the organization and differentiation of cells, while immobilized DNA or RNA delivers significant genetic information into the cells. The major advantages of the immobilization of nucleic acid/polyplexes include the direct contact of polymer layer loaded with the nucleic acid with the cells during the proliferation. The performed studies demonstrated that we obtained the novel effective system, based upon star polymer architecture, which is potentially useful for gene delivery. This work was supported by the Polish National Science Center contract no. UMO-2015/17/B/ST5/01095 Biography: Mingzhu Yin has completed his MD at the age of 25 years from Harbin Medical University and postdoctoral studies from Yale University School of Medicine. He is the co-director of Dermatology Department at the Xiangya Hospital. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute. Speaker publications: 40th Euro Congress on Cancer Science & Therapy, May 25-26, 2020, Rome, Italy Abstract Citation: Mingzhu Yin, Potent BRD4 inhibitor suppresses cancer cell-macrophage interaction, Cancer Science 2020, 40th Euro Congress on Cancer Science & Therapy, May 25-26, 2020, Rome, Italy. https://cancerscience.insightconferences.com/speaker/2020/mingzhu-yin-xiangya-hospital-central-south-university-china Value Added Abstracts
Muhammad Usman The aim of presentation consist of oncology, Cancer Science, therapy, health different types of cancer were studied and reported that Oncology Cancer Science and Therapy is the major tools for the development health as well as to control the different types of cancer diseases in the world. The study reported that the world oncology consist of two parts i.e “onco” means bulk, mass, or tumor while “logy” means study. Therefore oncology is known is the study of tumors or different type of cancer diseases. In other words, oncology is the branch of science that deals with the tumor and cancer diseases. The study also reported that oncology is the study of cancer and it treatment in medical science. The study further reported that cancer is a group more than 100 different disease. Cancer is very serious disease as it can developed almost anywhere in the body. The most important oncology diagnostic remains the clinical history of the patient. Common symptoms that point towards cancer include fatigue, weight loss, unexplained anemia, fever of unknown origin etc. Oncology depends on diagnostic tools like biopsy or removal of bits of the tumors tissue and examining it under the microscope. Other diagnostic tools include endoscopy for the gastrointestinal tract, imaging studies like X-rays, CT scanning, MRI scanning, ultrasound and other radiological techniques, Scintigraphy, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, Positron emission tomography and nuclear medicine techniques etc. The oncologist’s role including explaining the cancer diagnosis and stage to the patient. Discussing all the relevant treatment options and the oncologist’s recommendations. In other words Cancer Science a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. Further reported that a malignant growth or tumor resulting from an uncontrolled division of cells. Similarly Cancer therapy describes the treatment of cancer in a patient, often with surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Targeted therapies are also available for some cancer types. The study reported that the total countries available in the world are 225, consist of (Developed countries = 49, developing countries = 150, observer state = 4, state without partial recognition = 8, unrecognized state = 14). Similarly, South Asia comprises the countries of Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka. In the light of above study, it is proposed that Cancer Science and Therapy should be commercialized for the development of health, basic need of daily life, create employment, generate income, stronger economy, reducing financial crises, global Poverty and hunger in the developing countries of the world particularly in south Asia Biography: Muhammad Usman, a former Director General of Agricultural Research System, Government of Pakistan who retired from service after a spotless career of about 32 years with senior level experience on research and development of integrated agricultural production, industries, Agriculture & Horticulture and bioenergy on a sustainable way Value Added Abstracts
Sang Youn Hwang Background: Cabozantinib is approved as second line therapy in patients with progression after sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, however the study about efficacy of cabozantinib as third or fourth line therapy (esp. in the case of progression after nivolumab). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cabozantinib as 3rd & 4th line treatment in patients with advanced HCC with progressive disease after TKI and nivolumab. Methods: Eligible advanced HCC patients with documented radiological evidence of disease progression with previous 1st & 2nd line systemic treatment were recruited in our hospital from Mar 2019 to Aug 2019. All patients initially received cabozantinib 60mg daily as fixed starting dose every 4 weeks for unlimited cycles untile radiologic progression. Results: Six patients (3rd line Tx in one patient, 4th line Tx in five patients) were enrolled in the study. All five patients previously received three sequential therapies (sorafenib → regorafenib → nivolumab) and only one patient received two sequential therapies (sorafenib → nivolumab). The median level of AFP was 128.6 ng/mL (1.3-20948), that of PIVKA was 2131 mAU/Ml (1057-29440) in 2L group. The median OS was 5 months (range 3-6.5) and the median PFS was 4 months (range 3-6.5). The OS and in sorafenib responder & non responder were not different significantly (median OS 4 vs 3 months; p-value=0.503). All patient achieved stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 3 patients (66.6%). The most common high-grade events fatigue (50%) and diarrhea (16%). Interruption of drug was happened in all patients within 8 weeks and dose reduction was occurred in 4 patients (66.6%). Conclusions: Our study suggests that cabozantinib can be relatively effective and safe strategy as 3rd and 4th line therapy in HCC patients refractory for previous systemic therapy. A further well controlled, large scaled study to prove survival benefit is recommended. Biography: Sang Youn Hwang is currently affiliated to the Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre in Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Republic of Korea Editor Note
Nikhilesh Kakati Conference Series LLC Ltd hosted the “Cancer Science”, during May 25-26, 2020 at Rome, Italy with the theme- “Strengthening the future to fight against cancer”, which was a great success. Eminent keynote speakers from various reputed institutions and organizations addressed the gathering with their resplendent presence. We extend our grateful thanks to all the momentous speakers, conference attendees who contributed towards the successful run of the conference. Cancer Science 2020 explored the new ideas and concepts on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the Organ-related Cancers and its innovative techniques with an interdisciplinary stage to experts, professionals and teachers to display and discuss about the latest developments in the fields of clinical oncology and molecular diagnostic techniques. Cancer Science Organizing Committee extends its gratitude and congratulates the Honorable Moderators of the conference. Conference Series LLC Ltd extends its warm gratitude to all the Honorable Guests and Keynote Speakers of “Cancer Science 2020”. Conference Series LLC Ltd is privileged to felicitate Cancer Science 2020 Organizing Committee, Keynote Speakers, Chairs & Co-Chairs and the Moderators of the conference whose support and efforts made the conference to move on the path of success. Conference Series LLC LTD thanks every individual participant for the enormous exquisite response. This inspires us to continue organizing events and conferences for further research in the field of Cancer Science and Therapy. Conference Series LLC Ltd is glad to announce its “41th Euro Congress on Cancer Science & Therapy cordially welcome all the eminent researchers, Presidents, CEO’s, Academicians, Oncologists, pathologists, Cancer & Oncology Societies Professionals, Bio-Medical Company professionals, Pharmacists, Business Entrepreneurs, medical devices companies, researchers in Cancer Science and Therapy delegates to take part in this upcoming conference to witness invaluable scientific discussions and contribute to the future research in the field of cancer science with 30% abatement on the early bird prices. Value Added Abstracts
Abeera Mehmood Abstract Biography: Abeera Mehmood is a PhD, professor from Yusra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (YIPS), Islamabad, Pakistan and recently submitted case report of a rare malignancy in children based on the title small round blue cell tumors, management dilemma: A case report on Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma in a four year old child. Her research interest focuses on malignancy, rhabdomyosarcoma and cell tumour. 40th Euro Congress on Cancer Science & Therapy, May 25-26, 2020, Rome, Italy Abstract Citation: Abeera Mehmood, Small Round Blue Cell Tumors, management dilemma: A case report on Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma in a four-year-old child, with leverage points for prevention and early detection, Cancer Science 2020, 40th Euro Congress on Cancer Science & Therapy, May 25-26, 2020, Rome, Italy. Value Added Abstracts
Eleni Petsalaki The mitotic spindle consists mainly of microtubules (MTs) and is essential for accurate distribution of chromosomes in the two daughter cells during cell division. Errors in spindle formation can lead to incorrect separation of chromosomes or unequal size of daughter cells, which are associated with carcinogenesis or developmental disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms of spindle formation are not fully understood. In the present study, we show for the first time that Chk1, a kinase involved in the cellular response to DNA damage, is essential for optimal density and effective polymerisation of the spindle MTs in human cells. Chk1 localises to the centrosomes (the main centers of MTs organization) in mitosis and phosphorylates β-tubulin in newly identified sites in vitro. Also, reduced microtubule density in cells without functional Chk1 is associated with formation of disorganized spindles. We suggest that Chk1 phosphorylates β-tubulin to promote optimal spindle MT polymerisation. These findings describe novel mechanisms that could protect against carcinogenesis and developmental disorders, through regulating formation of the mitotic spindle Biography: Eleni Petsalaki has completed her PhD at the age of 28 years at the University of Crete. She is currently a post doctoral research scientist in Dr George Zachos’ Cell Cycle and Division Lab at the University of Crete where she is investigating mechanisms of mitotic cell division in human cells. She has published 8 papers in peer reviewed journals including Nature Communications, Journal of Cell Biology, Journal of Cell Science and others, 2 review articles and 2 commentaries. Value Added Abstracts
Jenea Bintey Khan Aim: To compare the dosimetric parameters of the flattened and flattening filter free (FFF) beam and to validate the beam data using anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA). Materials and Methods: All the dosimetric data’s (i.e. depth dose profiles, profile curves, output factors, penumbra etc.) required for the beam modeling of AAA were acquired using the Blue Phantom RFA for 6MV, 6FFF, 10MV & 10FFF. Progressive resolution Optimizer and Dose Volume Optimizer algorithm for VMAT and IMRT were are also configured in the beam model. Beam modeling of the AAA were compared with the measured datasets. Results: Due to the higher and lover energy component in 6FFF and 10FFF the surface doses are 10 to 12% higher compared to flattened 6MV and 10MV beams. FFF beam has a lower mean energy compared to the flattened beam and the beam quality index were 6MV 0.667, 6FFF 0.629, 10MV 0.74 and 10FFF 0.695 respectively. Gamma evaluation with +2% dose and 2mm distance criteria for the Open Beam, IMRT and VMAT plans were also performed and found a good agreement between the modeled and measured data. Conclusion: We have successfully modeled the AAA algorithm for the flattened and FFF beams and achieved a good agreement with the calculated and measured value Biography: Jenea Bintey Khan is a Bio-medical engineer and recently she is working on National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh in the department of radiotherapy and have recently focus on the article on Commissioning of a Flattening Filter Free (FFF) using an anisotropic analytical algorithm. Cancer Science & Therapy received 5332 citations as per Google Scholar report
Identification of malignancy in thyroid nodule using contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with 2017 American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) ultrasound lexicon
Crosstalk of intracellular post-translational modifications in cancer
Post-surgical Colorectal Cancer (CRC) surveillance: PET/CT versus CT
Potent BRD4 inhibitor suppresses cancer cell-macrophage interaction
Oncology cancer science and therapy is the major tools for the development health as well as to control the different types of cancer diseases in the world
Efficacy of cabozantinib as third or fourth line therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Past Conference Editorial of Cancer Science and Therapy 2020
Small Round Blue Cell Tumors, management dilemma. A case report on Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma in a four year old child
Rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the small round blue cell tumors, and though rare, it is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. Similar microscopic appearance and similar histochemistry makes differentiation and diagnosis very difficult in these lesions. Here we report a case of a 4 year old boy, who presented with an abdominal mass. Initial investigations confirmed presence of heterogeneously enhancing pelvic mass with no metastasis or local extension. It was confirmed to be Rhabdomyosarcoma on ultrasound guided biopsies, though further differentiation was not possible. Patient responded well to initial treatment in the form neo adjuvant chemotherapy with significant reduction in size of tumor. After subsequent surgical resection, the child had a relapse of disease while he was still on adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim to report this case is to highlight the problems associated with diagnosis and management of this rare disease. 
Chk1 is required for optimal spindle formation
Small Commissioning of a Flattening Filter Free (FFF) using an Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA)
Google Scholar citation report
Citations: 5332
Cancer Science & Therapy peer review process verified at publons
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