NPA is a vexing problem which has been globally effecting economies for a long time. The mounting NPA levels in banks and financial institutions calls for earnest attention and immediate action as it is a menace to the public. Bank credit motivates economic growth of the country and any obstruction in the undisturbed flow of credit, a significant cause for which is the heightened NPA levels, is detrimental to the health of the economy. The issue of Non-performing assets (NPA), the blatant cause of the current global financial crisis, has been drawing the attention of all and sundry for its rapid manifestation in the present financial structure. The primary objective of this paper is to understand the economic and mathematical models backing the phenomenon of NPAs. In this regard we have utilised the basic Keynesian economics to study behaviour of NPAs at the macroeconomic level and hence make viable conclusions and give policy suggestions regarding the same.

China’s increasing engagement in Africa is not without controversy. While many pundits have seen China as a genuine partner to Africa and its development, others believe its engagement is largely exploitative – a parasitic relationship driven primarily by China’s interest in Africa’s resources. However, few analyses have approached Sino-Africa relations as a vibrant, two-way dynamic in which both sides adjust to policy initiatives and popular perceptions emanating from each other. This paper contradicts the assumption of most literature to date that seems to borrow from the logic of dependency theory and present African economic as pawns, subject to the demands of a dominant and exploitative China, who is benefiting at Africa expenses. Arguably, Africans are willing partners of the Chinese, driven by their state-centric belief that engagement with the Chinese is in their national interest. For Nigerians, they are engaging with China because it is in their best interest and as the relationship continues to grow, it will need to be managed in order to maximize the benefit to Nigeria.

The Behavioral Determinants (BD) of Perceived Investment Performance (PIP) are considered to be one of the most sizzling research concerns in the world of investment behavioral finance. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the herding effects (HE) over confidence (OC) availability bias (OB) and representativeness (R) [Independent Variables] as BD of PIP [Dependent Variable] in case of Pakistan stock exchange (PSX). Specifically, this study amid at to identify which biases impact more on PIP and to identify useful insights from the results of the study that may benefit in this discipline. Five likert scale questionnaire adapted from prior studies as it is satisfying the current scenario for industry settings of PSX. A quantitative cross sectional research design has been used in this study. The regression results found that the herding effects, over confidence, availability bias and representativeness have positive and significant impact on perceived investment performance. This study has significance for the individual investors, financial advisors, companies listed in PSX and Government. For the investors, the factors that influence their investment performance are crucial as these will influence their financial plans of future. Practical implications includes investors who desires to invest should incorporate the said BD for the accurate valuation of the assets and in taking future investment decisions. In PSX, it is first endeavor to uncover the HE, OC, AB and R as BD of PIP. This paper contribute to the existing body of literature since main stream of the previous studies concentrate more on the developed countries markets of the world. Moreover, this study put forth a well-integrated model to probe the effect of variables under consideration on PSX. Reflection of the said effect of behavioral impact in the decision making process of individuals will make the decisions more optimal and rational as well.

Kupri Index of a country is defined as its GDP in USD per 1,000 person per 1,000 km2 of land. When Kupri Index of 194 countries is calculated, it gave astonishing results. Kupri Index of different categories of countries are analyzed and the conclusion is drawn: The following countries have much better economic performance then the (1)countries which are not in the list of first 10 countries with highest GDP, first 10 countries with highest "Total Individual Wealth", G7 countries, G20 countries and BRICS countries. (2) The Countries with population density more than that of India (409). (3) Countries with area less than 3,000 km2. (4) Countries with low GDP. (5) Kupri Index gives much clear picture of country's economic performance.