The phytochemical screening, extraction and antimicrobial analysis of the crude extracts from the seeds and pods of Acacia nilotica Linn, the roots of Uvaria afzelii Sc and Terminalia avicennioides Guill & Perr were carried out using standard methods. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that the plants contained saponins, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids and triterpenoids. The results of the antibacterial screening showed that the ethyl acetate extract of Acacia nilotica Linn exhibited the highest activities against the test microbes with zones of inhibition diameter ranging from 27-32 mm. It was closely followed by the ethyl acetate extract of Terminalia aviccenoides with zones of inhibition diameter ranging from 25-30 mm and finally, the ethyl acetate extract of Uvaria afzelii with zones of inhibition ranging from 24-29 mm. The results of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) showed that the extracts of the plants gave MIC values at a concentration of 800, 700, 600 μg/cm3 against Escherichia coli, Vibro cholerea, Shigella dysentriae and Salmonella enteritidis respectively. The Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values occur at the same concentration against the same microbes. The results of this study showed that the ethylacetate extract of the seeds and pods of Acacia nilotica was the most active against diarrhoea causing organisms and may be a potential source of a broad spectrum antibiotic for the treatment of diarrhoea.

Improvement in the aqueous solubility,physicochemical and micromeritics property of insoluble and slightly soluble drugs is of major concern in pharmaceutical formulations. It is commonly observed in the drug industry that on average more than 35% of newly discovered drugs are poorly water-soluble. Poor “drug like” properties of lead compounds led to ineffective absorptionfrom the site of administration, less bioavailability which has been designated as an important part of the high clinical failure. In the present work, Efavirenz, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) belongs to BCS class II drug (highly permeable and low soluble). A simultaneous DSC, FT-IR, SEM, XRPD micro spectroscopy, dissolution study and micromeritics properties studies was used to quickly investigate the co-crystal. Tablet formulation was developed by direct compression method and there evaluation was performed.

In this work Functionalized-titania nanoparticles containing different antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (valproic acid, tiagabine, phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine) were developed and characterized. AEDs were encapsulated by adding them during the gelation step, in order to obtain a homogeneous phase. The nanoparticles obtained (empty and containing the drug) were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. In addition, the delivery kinetics of the nanomaterials to study the drug release over the time was analyzed. It was demonstrated that the AEDs tested, may be encapsulated in functionalized-titania nanoparticles. Infrared spectra show that, because of the encapsulation process, the structure of the drug is not chemically altered. The SEM micrographs of nanoparticles containing the drugs show a heterogeneous microstructure formed by irregular aggregates, which are spherical in shape. The kinetic study to in vitro release to resultant nanomaterials was evaluated showing two different velocities: first a rapid release and then a slow and constant release.

We report in this study the synthesis of some new N-substituted hexahydro- acridine-1,8-dione compounds including some new N- 2-hydroxypropylhexahydro- acridine-1,8-diones and their tosylatedoctahydroacridine-1,8-dione derivatives in addition to some bis-hexahydroacridine-1,8-diones via a one pot reaction technique. Moreover, in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation for some newly synthesized compounds has been investigated. The highly alkylated bishydroacridine- 1,8-dione 5f showed a higher anti- inflammatory potency more than the non-alkylated and the standard employed indomethacin. The structure of all new products has been characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.

The article deals with recommendation of plant products as eco-friendly alternative of syntheticpesticides in agricultural pest management programme and emphasizes plant based green pesticides as important component in achieving ever green revolution in view of their high efficacy and favourable safety profile.