Human birth is set by the transition from foetus to the newborn, through the passage from intrauterine condition to extrauterine environment. However, first breath is still considered the starting point of life, even if there are evidence of several physiological events occurring before breathing. Indeed, developmental neuroscience research has still not discovered all dynamics of human birth. That which triggers the first breath is not understood, nor has brain modification/activation at birth been clarified. First breath occurs around 20 seconds after birth. Before breathing, newborn is motionless and her/his heart rate decreases, in contrast with the previous foetal motory activity and elevated heart rate, which are regularly observed and measured into the intrauterine condition. During this very short time of newborn’s silence and immobility, a complex sequence of physiological events takes place, which then determine the muscle activity associated with the influx of air into the lung and the settling of a spontaneous and continuous respiration. Before breathing, Central Nervous System (CNS) should give its immediate response to the new environment, being involved in this sequence of events and in the dramatic changes which characterize the passage from foetus to the newborn. In this work we will consider the physiological events that occur at human birth before respiratory activity and wailing, highlighting the role of CNS and its interaction with the new extrauterine surrounding, in order to identify a putative neurobiological mechanism which triggers the first breath.

The Research question: Does the addition of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist to cabergoline treatment during the luteal phase in fresh IVF cycles triggered with a GnRH agonist, and planned for freeze-all, reduce the rate of mild and moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)?
Design: Retrospective cohort study of 480 IVF patients at risk for OHSS with GnRH agonist trigger from 2011 to 2018, stratified into three groups based on treatment received: GnRH agonist trigger alone (Group 1, n = 208), GnRH agonist trigger + cabergoline (Group 2, n = 167) or GnRH agonist trigger + cabergoline + GnRH antagonist (Group 3, n = 105). Data on patient demographics, incidence, severity and symptomatology of OHSS and laboratory findings were collected.
Results: Group 1 had more free peritoneal fluid than Group 2 (28% versus 19%, P = 0.04) or Group 3 (28% versus 5%, P = 0.001). Group 1 reported abdominal discomfort and bloating more than Group 2 (33% versus 21%, P = 0.01) or Group 3 (33% versus 18%, P = 0.006). Group 1 had more electrolyte abnormalities than Group 2, who had more than Group 3. No patients developed severe OHSS. Mild and moderate OHSS rate was higher in Group 1 (38%) than Group 2 (29%, P = 0.048) or Group 3 (18%, P = 0.006) and in Group 2 than Group 3 (P = 0.046).
Conclusion: Addition of cabergoline to GnRH agonist triggering in high-risk OHSS patients, and subsequent addition of GnRH antagonist for 5 days in the luteal phase, sequentially reduces the risk of mild and moderate OHSS and improves patient comfort compared with GnRH agonist trigger alone.

According to retrospective analysis, hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and the development of neonatal HIE contribute to perinatal hypoxia, which occurs in complicated pregnancy: extragenital pathology in the mother (OR 1090.81; 95% CI 64.50–18447.40); placental dysfunction and fetal growth retardation (OR 7.39; 95% CI 2.94–18.57); premature placental abruption (OR 10.89; 95% CI 0.59–199.58); polyhydramnios (OR 2.19; 95% CI 0.85–5.62).
Pertrospective analysis of labor in cases of intranatal fetal hypoxia and HIE in newborns showed that the most significant risk factors are premature rupture of membranes and time without amniotic fluid over 24 hours (OR 6.25; 95% CI 1.36–28.70), chorioamnionitis (OR 17.6; 95% CI 2.28–135.40), anomalies of labor (OR 21.87; 95% CI 1.26–387.39); use of obstetric forceps (OR 357.62; 95% CI 21.60–5920.23).
Independent risk factors for severe asphyxia of the fetus and newborn and subsequent adverse neurological consequences are gestational age at birth: 26–27 weeks (OR 21.87; 95% CI 1.26–378.39); 29–30 weeks (OR 29.02; 95% CI 1.70–495.10); 31–32 weeks (OR 42.017; 95% CI 2.66–752.83); 33–34 weeks (OR 44.79; 95% CI 2.66–752.83); fetal weight at birth 500–999 g (OR 15.15; 95% CI 0.85–268.86); 1000–1499 g (OR 34.04; 95% CI 2.00–577.21); 1500–1999 g (OR 39.04; 95% CI 2.33–663.489). Extremely low birth weight infants most often had severe complications such as RDS type 1 or 2, intraventricular hemorrhage, depression or excitation syndrome, necrotic enterocolitis, and birth trauma that required intensive care and artificial ventilation.
Comparative analysis of neurospecific markers in umbilical cord blood and in the blood of newborns with hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system showed that a highly specific marker of fetal brain damage is an increase in neuronspecific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein in umbilical cord blood, which can be used as a prognostic test. NSE sensitivity was determined – 0.87 (95% CI 0.61– 0.97), specificity 0.58 (95% CI 0.52–0.61), S-100 protein sensitivity – 0.8 (95% CI 0.46–0.96), specificity – 0.54 (95% CI 0.49–0.56).
Neuroprotection with magnesium sulfate in pregnant women at birth up to 32 weeks reduced the incidence of neonatal asphyxia and distant neurological complications in 92.8% of children, indicating high efficacy.

Sertoli-Leydig Short Session Description: The session description should be no less than 10 and no more than 50 words. The description emphasizes focus on the content of the course or the learner/audience and should emphasize the benefits of attending the course and/or the value of the subject matter itself. Use complete sentences (no bullets) and avoid writing in first-person narrative. This description will be used as promotional material for the course/session and will be printed in the final program. Inviting, dramatic or otherwise interesting descriptions are encouraged.
Since the 1990s, uterine artery embolization (UAE) has known considerable development, but controversy around fertility remains. In this session, we will put this widely accepted idea into question, by presenting new evidence showing that UAE may be a safe and effective option for women with a desire to procreate.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical, anatomic, and obstetrical results of uterine artery embolization in patients of childbearing age not eligible for myomectomy.
Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of 398 female patients under the age of 43 years treated by uterine artery embolization between 2003 and 2017 for symptomatic fibroids and/or adenomyosis. Uterine artery embolization was performed according to a standardized procedure (fertility-sparing uterine artery embolization technique), with ovarian protection in the event of dangerous utero-ovarian anastomosis. Magnetic resonance imaging and pelvic ultrasounds were performed before and after uterine artery embolization.
Findings: The overall clinical success rate (ie, resolution of pre embolization symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, iron-deficiency anemia, pelvic pressure) was 91.2%, and there were no major complications. One year after uterine artery embolization, we observed a mean 73% reduction in myoma volume. A total of 108 patients (49.3%) presented with dangerous utero-ovarian anastomosis and 33 (14.5%) benefited from ovarian protection. In our group, there were 148 pregnancies and 109 live births; 74 children were born at term; 23 were born preterm, on average at 35.12±2.78 weeks. Including preterm births, the mean birthweight and birth length of the children were within normal limits. Restoration of uterine anatomy and ovarian protection were identified as the main predictive factors for obstetrical success. Restoration was also a major predictive factor for clinical success and was associated with a lower rate of miscarriage.
Conclusion: This study provided detailed clinical and obstetrical outcomes for 398 female patients who underwent uterine artery embolization for fibroid treatment; it contributes to the identification of anatomic and technical factors that could have an impact on fertility after uterine artery embolization. Further controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings and reevaluate this procedure’s indications and limitations for women with a desire to procreate

Statement of Background: Morphological features are the most common criteria used to select human embryos for transfer to a receptive uterine cavity. However, such characteristics are not valid for embryos in cellular arrest. Even aneuploid embryos can have normal morphology, and some euploid embryos have aberrant morphology. The aim of this study was to quantify the expression profile of hsa-miR-21-3p, -24-1-5p, -191-5p, and -372-5p in culture media on day 5 of in vitro embryo development, and compare the profiles of two groups of media classified by outcome: successful (n = 25) or unsuccessful (n = 25) implantation pregnancy. Methods: Fifty patients were accepted in the Department of Reproductive Biology of a Hospital in México City, based on the Institutional inclusion criteria for in vitro fertilization. Embryos were transferred to the women on day 5 of cultivation, and the culture media were collected. RNA was isolated from each culture medium with TRIzol reagent, and microRNA (miRNA) expression was detected through RT-PCR with specific primers. Expression bands were quantified by reading optical density. Results: There was a 5.2-fold greater expression of hsa-miR-191-5p in the pregnancy-related culture media (p ≤ 0.001) and a 1.6-fold greater level of hsa-miR-24-1-5p (p = 0.043) in the media corresponding to non-pregnant women. No significant difference existed between the two groups hsa-miR-21-3p (p = 0.38) or hsa-miR-372-5p (p = 0.41). Conclusions: Regarding adequate in vitro embryo development, hsa-miR-191-5p could possibly represent a positive biomarker, while has-miR-24-1-5p may indicate poor prognosis. This former miRNA modulates IGF2BP-1 and IGF2R, associated with the implantation window. On the other hand, hsa-miR-24-1-5p may be related to a poor prognosis of human embryo development. Keywords: MiRNA expression, Embryo development, Implantation, Embryo culture media, In vitro fertilization

Statemen The incidence Vaginal evisceration is a rare surgical emergency where abdominal contents herniate through a vaginal wall defect. The estimated incidence is 0.032–1.2% after hysterectomy, trachelectomy or uppervaginectomy. We present a 78-year-old lady who developed vaginal evisceration 2 years after radical cystectomy and hysterectomy forbladder cancer.The key principle of early management involves an attempt to gently reduce the bowel into the peritoneal cavity, and packing the vagina with moistened gauze. If the bowel is unable to be reduced, it should be covered with moist gauze before definitive surgery. Given the rarity of this condition, there is no consensus on the optimal operative approach for vaginal cuff dehiscence and each case should be treated on its own merits. Surgical treatment can be transabdominal, transvaginal or both based largely on the expertise available and the clinical situation of the patient.Transvaginal approach is generally believed to be the least morbid, with primary closure of the vaginal vault if the tissue is healthy. Transabdominal assessment can be via laparoscopy or laparotomy, with repair of the vaginal vault essential to prevent recurrence. The use of mesh or omental flap to re-enforce the vaginal vault can be utilized based on the clinical situation. As our patient did not present with overt signs of bowel ischaemia, we opted for a transvaginal repair with the aim to proceed to laparotomy if unsuccessful. It is likely that a combination of the various risk factors led to her vaginal cuff breakdown. Despite the previous pelvic radiation, she had very good quality tissue, hence primary closure was performed.This case highlights a rare surgical emergency that requires prompt recognition and damage control with bowel reduction and packing. Definitive repair can then be performed once appropriate expertise is available