Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering (2169-0022) is an open access bi-monthly journal publishing peer-reviewed articles in all major and minor specializations of Material Sciences & Engineering. Journal is running successfully since 2012. It is our pleasure to announce that journal has released 8 volumes by the end of 2019 with quality of articles and is successfully running its 9th Volume.

All published articles of this journal are included in the indexing an abstracting coverage of Index Copernicus, Google Scholar, CAS Source Index (CASSI), Open J Gate, Open J Gate, RefSeek, Hamdard University, EBSCO A-Z, SIS, SJIF, ISRA, etc. Studies receiving funding from a funding organization that is included on the list of PMC and Research Funder Policies or authors having NIH grant were submitted to PubMed.

The journal encourages researchers, professors, academicians, doctors, faculties, and students from all over the world to submit their findings or new results related to the journal. All articles will be published and archived through single blind peer-review process. Readers can access or download the published articles free of cost. Journal is following peerreview and publication under open access creative commons attribution license.

During the year 2019, the Journal has released nearly 40 articles (at an average of 8 articles per issue) of which, articles were published from authors all around the world including original research, review and Sor Communication in the volume 8 focusing on critical topics related to Material Sciences & Engineering.

During Jan, Hilaris SRL has acquired this journal from Omics group and from then on all rights has been taken by the Hilaris SRL only. Association with Hilria SRL has increased Readership Metrics (By Google Analytics) of Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering which can be accessed at Google Analytics Metrics for the Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering. We would like to take this opportunity to thank you for the exertion and skill that you add to reviewing, without which it is difficult to keep up the high standards of peer-reviewed journals.

Some of the articles released in 2019 are as follows:

1. Electrochemical Study of the Hydrogenation of LaZr2Cr4Ni5- Based Alloys

2. Statistical Process Control Applied in the Chemical and Food Industry

3. Study on Recycling of Galvanic Sludge containing Copper for Pure Copper Production

4. Theoretical Study of the Effect of a Fe Interlayer on the Formation of Graphene on a Diamond (111) Surface

5. Heat Treatment Simulation of the Formation of Idiomorphic Iron Carbides with Widmanstätten Structure Observed in Archaeological Steel Pieces more than 2000 Years Old Subjected to Incineration Processes

The journal has released the conference details relating to the journal in December 2019. In the same way, the Journal expects to cover all the above classification topics for the year 2020 along with the present research in this field along with the current situation prevailing in globally i.e., COVID19.

Social Media/Digital Marketing

The journal always was in contact with the scientific group of the world through its mails, social media networks and its digital platforms. Some of the best ways to be in contact with the audiences’ are:

1. Twitter postings: Regularly posting the articles, trends, updates of the journal. They can be visible at: @MaterialSciencJ

2. Posting Google Analytics data in the website.

3. Using LinkedIn and Facebook for regular updates.

4. Regularly being in contact not only through mails but also through Whats App.

The complete details about the journal can be seen at: https://www.scholarscentral.org/submissions/materialsciencesengineering.html and for contacting us, mail us or Whats App us.

Lastly, Journal of Material Sciences & Engineering is nothing without the continuous support of the Editorial Board Members especially our Editor-inChief Dr Mohammad Azam Ali. The Editorial Board members are the back bone of the journal. Along with them, authors and reviewers play a very significant role in building this journal.

So, as an Editorial Co-ordinator I invite all the extended dignitaries in this field to submit their articles for bringing this research/expertise to the global scientific community.

*Address for Correspondence: Riny Yolandha Parapat, Institute Itenas Bandung-TU, Berlin, Germany, Tel: +6281995557773; E-mail: rinyyolandha@yahoo.de

Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are progressively utilized for helpful and analytic applications. Because of their little size (< 200 nm), NP can expand the dispersion and adequacy of medications while encouraging methods of organization. By the by, the possible dangers for human wellbeing related to NP introduction remain ineffectively reported particularly about their consequences for the invulnerable framework. Antigen Presenting Cells (APC, for example, macrophages and dendritic cells, take an interest in the upkeep of body honesty, overwhelming unfamiliar microbes and conveying signs to different parts of the invulnerable framework. In this examination, we explored whether these capacities could be modified by NP presentations. Utilizing the macrophage cell line J774 and essential bone marrow inferred dendritic cells, we have exhibited that AuNP profoundly gather in APC. Eminently, this gathering didn't change phagocytosis limit of macrophages. At that point, examining articulation of surface markers CD-86 and MHC-II, we set up that NP introduction didn't actuate bone marrow inferred DC. Besides, further actuation of these cells by referred to activators, for example, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was not disabled by NP. Notwithstanding, for this situation, the cytokine reaction was changed, indicating diminished provocative cytokine creation, for example, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-23. In a model of antigen introduction in vitro, this cytokine profile came about into a modified advancement of explicit invulnerable reactions. AuNP presentation prompted an expansion T cell explicit cytokines: IL-13 and IL-4 (demonstrating a move of traditional Th1/Th2 balance towards Th2) and IL-17 (representing a modification of T-cell destiny towards Th17).

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have exhibited remarkable execution in different biomedical applications, however their consequences for the insusceptible framework stay poorly characterized. We considered the effect of AuNPs on antigen-introducing cells (APCs) in view of their phagocytic limit that permits the gathering of exogenous materials. As models, we utilized essential macrophages (M) and dendritic cells (DCs) beginning from the bone marrow and tried the regulation of their capacities, including phagocytosis, cell enactment, creation of cytokines and go betweens and metabolic movement.

The AuNPs without anyone else showed no critical impact on M and DCs capacities. In any case, when presented to AuNPs, M and DCs reacted diversely to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Interleukin-4(IL-4) incitements. We demonstrated AuNPs changed cytokine and responsive oxygen species (ROS) creations contrastingly in M and DCs, though nitric oxide (NO) creation by the two cells stayed unaffected. The metabolic profile supports all elements of the resistant cells and their polarization. The examination of the metabolic action uncovered that AuNPs essentially adjusted mitochondrial breath and glycolysis of M, while just little impact was seen on DCs. Besides, we demonstrated that T cell reactions expanded when antigen was introduced by AuNPs-uncovered DCs, prompting more grounded Th1, Th2, and Th17 reactions. not as basic as the LCST-type, is known as upper basic arrangement temperature (UCST) polymers, and they show a reversible stage change from less solvent to more dissolvable state after warming over their UCST.

The largest natural asphalt deposit in the world is located in Buton Island (Indonesia) which is around 677 million tons. Efforts in utilizing the Asbuton rock to produce asphalt as the replacement of petroleum asphalt have been carried out by other researchers, but they only produced a conventional type of asphalt. Also in general, the method that was used is quite expensive. The conventional asphalt in road pavement is unable to withstand traffic loads and excessive temperatures, resulting in deformation. This research is about making nano asphalt from Asbuton rock with using a combination of microemulsion technique and sonication. The advantage of this technique is the effectiveness of the process in producing the nano asphalt that is by extracting the asphalt from the pores of Asbuton rock simultaneously forming (in-situ) the nanoparticles. Experimental variables that are varied in this study are the temperature, oil fraction, type of solvent, particle size, and type of surfactant (HLB). To find the optimum Yield of nano asphalt, the involved variables are simulated and optimized by using Factorial Design, Pareto Diagram, and Response Surface methods. The comprehensive results from the simulation are presented in this report including the significant variables which were optimized to produce the optimum Yield of nano asphalt. The optimum Yield of nano asphalt theoretically generated from Response Surface ranged between 80 – 99.90 %. The results of validation with experiments using optimized variables show the similarity between the optimum Yields and the simulated Yields value. The produced nano asphalt was investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Infrared Spectrophotometer (IR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to prove the quality of nano asphalt. Lately, the utilization of polymer nanocomposite for development of strong black-top combinations has been progressively supplanting the use of polymer-altered covers. In this examination, the enhancement of nanosilica and fastener content for nanocomposite-altered black-top combinations has been analyzed to get ideal amounts for elite properties. Reaction Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied for the improvement dependent on focal composite plan (CCD). Cooperation impacts of two autonomous variable components, nanosilica and fastener content, on nanocomposite quality, volumetric and execution properties were broke down utilizing CCD plan. The reactions were investigated utilizing RSM, and models were created to fit the test results for expectation of the reactions. The outcomes demonstrate that the individual impacts of nanosilica and cover content are both significant for execution improvement. In light of the mathematical streamlining, 1.5% nanosilica and 5% folio content were discovered to be the ideal qualities. Additionally, the mean blunder got from enhancement results are altogether under 5% for all reactions, showing that anticipated qualities concur with exploratory outcomes and the created models fit to the test results. Besides, the investigation inferred that for composite black-top blend plan with elite properties, advancement utilizing RSM is an awesome methodology.

Smart theranostics platform which have the ability of target drug delivery, are highly suitable systems for monitoring drug delivery, drug release, and drug efficacy. Theranostic systems successfully bring the diagnostics and therapeutics onto a single platform together. These developments have had a major impact on cancer therapy and nanomedicine and future developments can be expected. The aim of this research is designing and developing a smart theranostics platform including a smart hydrogel as a polymeric support, and a biosensor, and also imaging, and therapeutic agents. The biosensor consists of glucose oxidase (GOX) and graphen quantum dots (GQDs) which play the role of bioreceptor and fluorescence transducer, respectively. Interestingly, GOX and GQDs have other tasks. GQDs are the imaging agent, and GOX catalyze the glucose in tumor region into the hydrogen peroxide. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) which are encapsulated into the hydrogel network together with GOX, act as therapeutic agents. The hydrogen peroxide produced by GOX is then catalyzed by the MNPs via Fenton-like reactions to produce highly toxic hydroxyl radicals, which could lead to tumor apoptosis and death. GQDs were prepared via one-step hydrothermal treatment and encapsulated into the hydrogel network by physical entrapment. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared in the polymeric hydrogel by co-precipitation method. GOX was also loaded into the hydrogel by swelling-diffusion method. Thermoresponsive polymers can change their conformational states dependent on a variable temperature contribution to arrangement, and this marvel has been used to plan an assortment of savvy materials in different fields. The vast majority of the thermoresponsive polymers show a stage progress from an all-inclusive/hydrophilic curl to a globular/hydrophobic state after warming over a specific temperature known as lower basic arrangement temperature (LCST). Polymers of this sort display a solvent state in water beneath their LCST because of impressive hydrogen holding with encompassing water particles. By contrast over their LCST between and intramolecular hydrogen holding rules between polymer chains. Additionally, intramolecular hydrophobic associations likewise become noticeable over their LCST; consequently a globular/contracted, less water solvent state is created. Truth be told, it is this component that makes LCST-type polymers appealing as keen devices in material and biomedical sciences. In view of a variable temperature input, contracting/growing or total/scattering of polymer units prompts controllable infinitesimal or perceptible changes. Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) is an all-around examined thermoresponsive polymer since its LCST is near the physiological temperature and was used generally in biomedical applications. Another fascinating part of PNIPAM is that its LCST can be changed utilizing hydrophilic or hydrophilic comonomers, and copolymers showing sequential LCST could be blended. Notwithstanding PNIPAAm, there are various different polymers indicating LCST-type practices, for example, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL), poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)- methacrylate) (POEGMA), and poly(N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAAm), and perusers might be alluded to the thorough audits for the nitty gritty arrangements of (co)polymers and their properties. On the other hand, an alternate sort of thermoresponsive polymers, though not as basic as the LCST-type, is known as upper basic arrangement temperature (UCST) polymers, and they show a reversible stage change from less solvent to more dissolvable state after warming over their UCST.

PolyPico Technologies Ltd. gives off-the-rack and custom answers for meet accuracy drop apportioning needs (pico/nano/miniature liter), in view of their honor willing innovation: "Most Interesting Technology"[1] granted by the European Laboratory Robotics Interest Group (EPolyPico's remarkable expendable administering cartridges take into consideration the fast changeover of liquids in under a moment, evades cross pollution, and help to accomplish apportioning objectives in a small amount of the time and at a small amount of the expense of elective arrangements. The utilization of disposables when dealing with fluids is the favored system to evade cross-pollution in the Life Sciences and PolyPico's expendable administering cartridges are like dispensable pipette tips in such manner. In any case, volumes of fluid as low as 20pl, can be abstained from picolitre exactness. PolyPico frameworks are amazingly easy to understand and the vast majority is apportioning liquids inside 30minutes of unloading the framework.

Applications include:

• Life Sciences: dispensing of proteins, anti-bodies; DNA; pharmaceuticals; biological-reagents; micro-crystals; living cells; etc.

• Industry: dispensing of cyanoacrylate adhesives; nanomaterials; conductive inks; lubricants; radioactive materials and coatings.

For example: 2019, K. A. Babatunde et al. used the PicoSpotter to study swarming and chemotaxis in HL-60 neutrophil-like cells. A further example is: 2017, Peter Docker et al. used the technology at the UK’s XFEL to produce picoliter drops immobilized by acoustic levitation and probed by an X-ray beam for protein crystallography.

 PolyPico microdispensers utilize acoustic energy to administer micro drops of fluid in a controlled, exact and on-request way. At the point when stacked into the administering head, the cartridge is grasped by acoustic actuators. Motivations from the acoustic actuators proliferate through the dividers of the administering cartridge into the liquid which the apportioning cartridge contains. The acoustic motivation is changed into movement of liquid at the spout of the apportioning cartridge. The resultant movement of liquid is with the end goal that a micro drop of liquid is launched out from the cartridge spout. Acoustic drives are created on request each time a micro dispense is required. In the PicoSpotter and PicoPRECISE frameworks, micro drops can be apportioned up to a pace of 10 kHz (10,000 micro drops every second), while the OEM framework can administer micro drops up to a pace of 40 kHz (40,000 micro drops every second). PolyPico Technologies Ltd. is a creative and energizing youthful organization situated in Ireland. Theo Guillerm, part of the Polypico group, is a youthful biotechnologies engineer intrigued by microfluidics and nanotechnologies, from France.

This exploration plans to examine an impact of strengthening nanosize titanium dioxide (Ti), Titanium dioxide (Ti) is a wide whole oxide semiconductor is an n-type because of oxygen insufficiency. It has three periods of the gem structures including anatase, brookite, and rutile, where the band hole is 3.2 eV for brookite, 3.2 eV for anatase, and 3.0 eV for rutile. The steadiest structure and the chief wellspring of (Ti) are rutile. The metastable anatase and brookite will change to the thermodynamically steady rutile upon calcination at temperatures surpassing 600oC. In every one of the three structures, titanium (Ti) molecules are facilitated to six oxygen iotas, framing (Ti) octahedra. Use six grams of (Ti) material beige tone was tope down separated for two sections one was toughened to 600oC for 4 hours and another let without strengthening. The as-arranged examples were additionally portrayed utilizing gadgets contemplating (Ti) properties, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation Infrared Red (FTIR) and USB Spectrometer. As 0.25g from the two examples was taken and placed in (FTIR) to understanding transmission and assimilation properties, 0.5g was taken for two examples put in (XRD), and 0.25g from the two examples was taken and utilized UV-Visible Spectroscopy (USB) to take the readings. After the properties of the toughened example were examined and contrasted with the crude (control powder), this properties were discovered that the shade of the Titanium Dioxide has changed from beige into white as the last one demonstrated less pollutants and shaped Ti-O-Ti vibrational state of mind which was missing in the control test. The band hole was recorded and discovered to be 2.567 eV and 2.568 eV for control and tempered examples separately. differences in the In view of principal science, biotechnology and materials science have created in the course of recent a long time into the present amazing orders which permit the designing of cutting edge specialized gadgets and the mechanical creation of dynamic substances for drug and biomedical applications. This survey is centered on flow approaches rising at the crossing point of materials research, nanoscience, and sub-atomic biotechnology. This epic and profoundly interdisciplinary field of science is firmly connected with both the physical and substance properties of natural and inorganic nanoparticles, just as to the different parts of atomic cloning, recombinant DNA and protein innovation, and immunology. Developmental streamlined biomolecules, for example, nucleic acids, proteins, and supramolecular edifices of these parts, are used in the creation of nanostructured and mesoscopic models from natural and inorganic materials. The profoundly evolved instruments and procedures of the present materials research are utilized for essential and applied investigations of principal natural cycles. We order the techniques for colloidal gathering and audit the assorted expected uses of micro� and nanoparticle structures in materials and gadget models. The helpful properties of the molecule congregations, for example, high surface�to�volume proportion, periodicity at mesoscale, huge pressing thickness, and long�range requesting, can be tackled in optical, electronic, and biosensing gadgets. We talk about the present and future patterns in the colloidal� gathering field, zeroing in on the difficulties of creating manufacture strategies that are fast and productively controlled. We estimate on how the issues of versatility, control, and accuracy could be tended to and how the usefulness of the gatherings can be expanded to all the more likely match the requirements of innovation.