The aim of this study is to bring awareness on Post Traumatic Disorders and their symptoms. Post Traumatic Disorder effects on mental health activities as the person who feels like depression, frightening, lonely ness and fear. These kinds of results indicate the disorder of the person. By psychotherapy treatment, with the help of drugs the Post Traumatic Disorder can be reduced. Overall, the study on Post Traumatic Disorders indicates for serious attention on the aspects of mental health.

Introduction: In the last years, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder played a leading role in clinical research, together with its Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment. The analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment through EMDR on post traumatic symptoms is the subject of this survey, which was experienced on a group of children being victims of a serious car accident and on their parents, comparing it with other English research.

Method: This survey is based on the study of the reduction in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms on some children attending primary school, involved in a serious school bus accident. Through a statistic analysis of the replies to the questionnaires and interviews before and after the treatment, the non-spontaneous remission of the three clusters (intrusivity, avoidance, and arousal) for the group of children not treated has been the subject of this study. Two different groups established, thanks to the different times of access to treatment: a so-called experimental group and the control one.

Results: The results obtained through this survey provided some very important records on the number of children developing a post traumatic syndrome after a serious event. We found out that without treatment, reactions can last several months without evolving into a spontaneous remission, as from the records of the delayed treatment control group, smaller than the experimental one, showing a higher percentage of post traumatic symptoms. From the records appeared after the clinical interviews on parents and on the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment carried out with them, it is clear the strong need of a psychotherapeutic intervention, also with parents and caregivers of children victims of a traumatic experience.

Conclusion: This survey was a real success considering the compliance to treatment, if compared with other research in current literature. Above all, it was relevant to underline the importance of a prompt intervention, focused on acute phase of trauma. EMDR actually played an effective role in the therapy with children.

Current study examined the contributions of demographic characteristics, mental health problems and interpersonal trauma history to juvenile sexual offending, and the degree to which juvenile sexual offenders differ from nonsexual interpersonal offenders. Results are based on secondary analysis of a large dataset (n= 2920) of psychiatric assessments of juveniles (USA). T-test and chi-square analyses compared demographic, offense, and diagnostic characteristics of juvenile sexual offenders and nonsexual interpersonal offenders. Logistic regression examined the relationship between type of trauma exposure and sex offender status, adjusting for other significant demographic and diagnostic contributors. Results show that compared to juvenile nonsexual interpersonal offenders, sexual offenders were significantly less likely to be female, to be African American, or to meet criteria for a substance use disorder; juvenile sexual offenders were significantly more likely to have a lifetime history of a suicide attempt and a history of sexual victimization. A set of demographic and diagnostic characteristics contributed significantly to juvenile sexual offending, as did self-reported history of sexual trauma. Findings indicate that juvenile sexual offenders in some aspects differ from nonsexual interpersonal offenders; sexual victimization plays an important role in explaining some sexually abusive behavior. Further research should identify interventions that are effective for these youth.

Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing is an established treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder have elevated rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders and personality disorder. This paper reports on a series of seven cases of posttraumatic stress disorder, drawn from a secondary level care outpatient clinic, for which systematic clinical data was recorded using validated instruments, before and after treatment with eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing and at 12 month follow-up. All patients improved significantly in terms of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. There were significant reductions in paranoid, depressive and borderline traits post treatment and at follow-up. There was a reduction in comorbid psychiatric diagnoses and in personality disorder diagnoses post treatment and maintained at follow-up. These results suggest that eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing may be effective in treating comorbid disorders as well as PTSD and indicate a need for further studies with appropriate controls.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the synovial sheath cell migration in response to flexor tendon injury under direct visualization.

Methods: We used New Zealand rabbits based on an animal model described in previous studies, which we modified in order to create conditions similar to real tendon injury and healing. We used a special paint marker (1,1’-dioctadecyl1-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-percolate-Dil) of the sheath cells. The Flexor Digitorum Profondus first was sectioned through a distal skin incision and pulled outside the sheath through a proximal skin incision. Then the sheath was labeled. A second intrasynovial full thickness cross-section of the flexor was done and repaired by Kessler and running type suture. We harvested the tendons day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 after tendon injury. Tendon sections were prepared with cryotomy and tested by infrared microscope. To evaluate our results, we divided the migration of synovial sheath cells in four phases: 1st phase) no or sporadic migration to the surface of the tendon, 2nd phase) massive migration to the surface of the tendon, 3rd phase) migration just below the surface of the tendon, and 4th phase) migration in the endotenon. For each day’s group the percentage of tendon sections in each phase of migration was determined.

Results: According to our findings the second phase of migration of cells was 85% reached on the 3rd day, the third phase 66.6% reached on the seventh day and the fourth phase 50% reached on the fourteenth day after flexor tendon injury.

Conclusions: This study confirms that the synovial sheath cells migrate first into the surface and later into the core of the healing tendon.

A single manualized abreactive hypnosis session (5-6 hours) based on Ego State Theory (EST) was recently subjected to two placebo-controlled investigations meeting evidence-based criteria. Thirty-six patients in study #1 and 30 patients in study #2 who met PTSD criteria were exposed to either 5-6 hours of a manualized treatment or a placebo in a single session. Abreactive hypnosis emphasized hypnotically activated “reliving” of the trauma experience to physical and psychological exhaustion. In study #1 hypnosis and control group’s reduced PTSD checklist (PCL) scores immediately post treatment (placebo PCL score mean reduction 17. 34 and EST treatment PCL mean reduction 53.11). However, only the hypnosis patients maintained significant treatment effects at followups. Study #2 used the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), Beck Depression II (BDI – II), and Beck Anxiety Scales (BAI). Only the hypnosis group showed significant positive effects from pretreatment to all post treatment measurement periods. Abreactive EST was shown to be a highly effective and durable treatment for PTSD. Apparently, EST works because it is emotion focused, activates sub-cortical structures, and because the supportive, interpretive therapist reconstructs the patient’s personality to be resilient and adaptive.

Background: A significant number of complications that maybe occur with surgical treatment of humeral supracondylar fractures in children are approach related. In this study we tried to compare the outcome of triceps splitting (posterior approach) with other approaches.

Methods: Thirty six consecutive children with displaced Gartland Type III extension supracondylar fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation in our university hospital from March 2005 to March 2011. They were divided into three groups on the basis of surgical approach; Group A (14 patients) posterior approach with triceps splitting, Group B (10patients) posterior approach with tongue shape flap, and Group C (12 patients) lateral, anterolateral, or medial approach.

Results: In group A, range of motion was graded as excellent in 71.43%, good 21.43%, and fair 7.14%. In group B, the range of motion was excellent in 70%, good 20%, and fair 10%. Deformity was observed in one patient (10%). In group C the range of motion of the elbow was excellent in 66.6%, good 16.7%, and fair 16.7%. Deformity was seen in two (16.7%) patients. Pin tract infection was seen in one patient in each group.

Conclusion: In surgical treatment of humeral supracondylar fracture with normal neurovascular state in children, due to its simplicity, greater exposure, lack of interference with vital structures, and better surgical outcome, the posterior approach particularly posterior triceps splitting method is advocated.