Beik GM
Watt FM
Beik GM
Watt FM
Matrali SSH and Ghag AK
Extended bone fractures or fractures coexisting with bone disorders can lead to non-unions where surgical intervention is required. Composite drug delivery systems are
being used increasingly more in order to treat such defects locally. Alendronate (ALD), a bisphosphonate extensively used in clinical practice to treat conditions such as
osteoporosis has been shown to assist bone fracture healing through its antiresorptive capacity. This study reports the development of a polymeric composite system for the
in situ delivery of ALD, which possesses enhanced encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and demonstrates controlled release over a 70 day period. ALD and calcium phosphate
(CaP) have been incorporated within poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres giving rise to a 70% increase in EE% compared to a control system. Finally,
preliminary toxicological evaluation demonstrates a positive effect of the system on pre-osteoblastic cells over 72 hours.
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.e132
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DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.235
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.e134
Long Thanh Su*, Yoshida Chikako and Nakao Toshihiko
The aim of this study was to compare the plasma cortisol response between the cows after intravaginal insertion of DIB (Dispositivo Intravaginal Bovino) and those after the insertion of CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Release). Nine ovariectomized cows (four beef and five dairy) were divided into two groups; four cows were inserted with CIDR for 12 days and five cows were treated with DIB for the same period. All the cows did not have any abnormality in the vagina before insertion of the devices. Blood samples were collected via the tail venipuncture once a day at 8:30 to 9:00 for 7 days before treatment and once at 5-10 minutes before insertion, every two hours for 24 hours after the insertion and once daily thereafter until 3 days after removal of the devices. Plasma cortisol concentrations were estimated by an enzyme immunoassay. Mean plasma cortisol concentrations in nine cows for seven days before treatment remained stable. Immediately before the insertion mean of plasma cortisol concentrations in cows treated with CIDR was 3.6 ± 0.6 ng/ml and 2.9 ± 0.7 ng/ml in those treated with DIB. After the insertion, plasma cortisol concentrations increased rapidly (P<0.05), reaching the peak with 8.5 ± 2.5 ng/ml at 4 h (DIB) or 6.4 ± 1.0 ng/ml at 6 h (CIDR) and then gradually decreased to basal levels at 12 h and remained stable thereafter. There was no significant difference in plasma cortisol responses which were marginal and temporal between DIB treated and CIDR treated cows.
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.e135
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DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.e138
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.239
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.e137
Stuti Bhatnagar*, Rajesh Saxena and Rashi Shrivastav
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.241
Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle) is one of the most important medicinal and ornamental plants in the world. In this research, we will study about plant tissue culture of Catharanthus roseus and regeneration of plant to produce primary and secondary metabolites. An efficient protocol was standardized using axillary bud and shoots tip explants of Catharanthus roseus -an anticancer medicinal plant. In this investigation, periwinkle seeds, after sterilization were cultured on MS medium. Petiole segments of seedlings (4 day old) were su cultured to medium containing various concentrations of NAA accompanied with Kin and sub cultured t regenerate the callus and root. Callus and roots were obtained from petioles in some of treatments. The extracts of callus and roots from different treatments were analysed by spectrophotometer, TLC and HPLC with respect to the indole alkaloids producing capacity. Most of the secondary metabolites were produced in new roots and callus roots.
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.240
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DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.e139
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.e140
Geidy E Serrano*, Jessica E Walker, Anthony J Intorcia, Michael J Glass, Richard A Arce, Ignazio S. Piras, Joshua S Talboom, Courtney M Nelson, Brett D Cutler, Lucia I Sue, Lih-Fen Lue, Matthew Huentelman and Thomas G Beach
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.242
Biochemical analysis of human brain tissue is typically done by homogenizing whole pieces of brain and separately characterizing the proteins, RNA, DNA, and other macromolecules within. While this has been sufficient to identify substantial changes, there is little ability to identify small changes or alterations that may occur in subsets of cells. To effectively investigate the biochemistry of disease in the brain, with its different cell types, we must first separate the cells and study them as phenotypically defined populations or even as individuals. In this project, we developed a new method for the generation of Whole Cell Dissociated Suspensions (WCDS) in fresh human brain tissue that could be shared as a resource with scientists to study single human cells or populations. Characterization of WCDS was done in paraffin-embedded sections stained with H&E, and by phenotyping with antibodies using immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). Additionally, we compared extracted RNA from WCDS with RNA from adjacent intact cortical tissue, using RT-qPCR for cell-type-specific RNA for the same markers as well as whole transcriptome sequencing. More than 11,626 gene transcripts were successfully sequenced and classified using an external database either as being mainly expressed in neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, endothelial cells, or mixed (in two or more cell types). This demonstrates that we are currently capable of producing WCDS with a full representation of different brain cell types combined with RNA quality suitable for use in biochemical analysis.
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.244
Gina Marcela Torres-Zambrano*, Rene Antonio Rivero-Jimenez and Carlos Agustin Villegas-Valverde
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.245
Introduction: COVID-19 is the defining global crisis of our time. Secondary complications such as urinary tract infections and sepsis worsen the already established health and social problems.
Methods: We characterized the features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients suffering from secondary sepsis and urinary tract infection. An observational and analytical study was conducted within the SENTAD-COVID Study clinical trial framework at the Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center. COVID-19 patients in group A received a jet-nebulization therapy with autologous stem cells cocktail as an add-on to the standard care. In contrast, group B as controls only received the COVID-19 standard treatment. We analyzed the culture samples, antimicrobial agents, and the therapy's efficacy on patient outcomes.
Results: A significant difference between the groups was found in the urinary infection incidence (p=0.020). Patients in group A showed a lower tendency to sepsis than group B (7% vs. 21%), hazard ratio=0.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.91), p=0.0175. The number needed to treat=7.3 was calculated and Candida albicans was the most frequent agent causing sepsis and urinary infections. The massive use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials was striking.
Conclusion: We found a protective factor of stem cells against secondary infection in COVID-19 cases in terms of sepsis and urinary infections. The suggested immunomodulatory effect of stem cells offers a therapeutic strategy to manage the disease and avoid several complications. However, antimicrobial agents can lead to increased opportunistic infections, so a rational use of these treatments must be considered.
Mladen Miskulin, Josip Savic*, Andrej Radic and Prim O Dulic
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.246
Background: Rotator cuff tears can be associated with significant shoulder dysfunction and pain. Despite improved surgical techniques and new methods for the rotator cuff reconstruction, there are still problems connected to the coverage of the humeral head caused by the tendon insufficiency due to degeneration or retraction and late/or inadequate tendon-to-bone healing. For that reason, innovative approaches for enhanced tendon healing are required. The potential of the biological treatment enchasing tendon healing has not been sufficiently explored so far. Biological augmentation may be an option to improve the healing process. One of the possibilities for augmentation is the subacromial bursa, easily accessible tissue during rotator cuff repair, highly proliferative rich in mesenchymal stem cells that are capable of differentiating into various cell lines. In this article, we describe the harvesting technique and application of the subacromial bursal stem cells mixed with platelet-rich plasma during the arthroscopic rotator cuff reconstruction, aiming at postoperative pain alleviation, the improvement of the tendon-to-bone and tendon-to-tendon healing. The goal is enhance healing, to reduce recovery process and to increase patient’s satisfaction with the outcome of the rotator cuff reconstruction.
Case: Authors present augmentation technique of the rotator cuff reconstruct using the nearby subacromial bursa tissue rich in stem cells and mixed whit platelet-rich plasma during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. It is an advanced surgical technique in which we combine the best of proven surgical techniques for the rotator cuff reconstruction with the best of the regenerative medicine-mesenchymal stem cells from the subacromial bursa and platelet reach plasma. The surgical technique is easy to apprehend, it does not extend time of the surgery and, according to our preliminary data, decreases time of recovery.
Results: The use of subacromial bursal stem cells mixed whit platelet-rich plasma in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair seems to be effective in reducing recovery time in the short term follow up
Conclusion: The presented augmenting technique can be used in every procedure, especially in the elderly patients where issues of tendon to tendon and tendon to bone healing may be expected. Further investigation is necessary
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.e141
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DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2021.12.248
Azadeh Shahroodi, Sogol Hooshyar, Davood Yari, Jebraeil Movaffagh and Ali Moradi*
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2024.15.351
Introduction: Creating an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering requires specific characteristics. Composite materials, combining the advantages of polymers and ceramics, offer tailored properties and enhanced functionality. This study aimed to fabricate, characterize and optimize multi-phasic composite scaffolds with spiral backbones for potential bone tissue engineering applications.
Methods: Composite scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning using 24.5% Zein and varying concentrations of Calcium Phosphate (CP) (15%, 20% and 25%). Ribbon-shaped electrospun Zein/CP composite mats were structured into spiral forms, placed in cylindrical Teflon molds, filled with a blended slurry (Zein/cartilage-derived matrix/CP/gelatin), snap-frozen and lyophilized to form multi-phasic composite scaffolds. Mechanical, FESEM and FTIR analyses assessed compressive strength, architectural properties (porosity, pore size and interconnectivity), thermogravimetric behaviour, chemical functional groups and biocompatibility.
Results and Discussion: The study evaluated composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, focusing on varying CP concentrations in Zein nanofibers. The scaffold with a 20% CP concentration exhibited Young’s modulus of approximately 3.26 MPa. FESEM analysis revealed highly interconnected pores for scaffolds with 15% CP, with a pore size of 50.12 ± 6.07 and a porosity of 69.72%. FTIR and DSC analyses confirmed scaffold robustness. Comparisons with bone tissue showed similarities in compressive strength but slight differences in porosity. Despite this, the scaffold demonstrated potential for further optimization. Overall, the scaffold with 20% CP exhibited superior mechanical strength, with larger pore sizes indicating better potential for cell growth and nutrition, high- lighting its promise for bone tissue engineering applications.
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2024.15.361
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2024.15.362
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2024.15.363
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2024.15.364
This paper explores the emerging frontier of regenerative medicine in the context of lung restoration through pluripotent stem cell therapy. By harnessing the transformative potential of pluripotent stem cells, researchers aim to address the limitations of current treatments for lung diseases and injuries. Through a comprehensive review of recent advancements and ongoing research efforts, this abstract highlights the promising prospects, challenges and ethical considerations associated with employing pluripotent stem cell therapy for lung restoration..
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2024.15.365
Cellular therapies utilizing pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold promising potential in addressing lung damage and promoting repair. This abstract outlines recent advancements and strategies in employing PSC-derived cells for lung regeneration. We discuss the therapeutic mechanisms, challenges and future directions of PSC-based therapies in lung repair, emphasizing their transformative role in treating respiratory disorders and advancing regenerative medicine.
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2024.15.366
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2024.15.367
Cardiac precision medicine necessitates accurate disease modeling for effective therapeutic development. Leveraging human stem cells, particularly induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), offers a promising avenue for recapitulating cardiac diseases in vitro. This review explores the current advancements, challenges and future prospects of utilizing iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for disease modeling, highlighting their potential in elucidating disease mechanisms, screening drug candidates and personalizing treatment strategies.
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2024.15.368
DOI: 10.37421/2157-7552.2024.15.369
Journal of Tissue Science and Engineering received 807 citations as per Google Scholar report
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